Predicting internal corrosion in oil and gas exploration and production operations , livre ebook
337
pages
English
Ebooks
2023
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337
pages
English
Ebooks
2023
Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne En savoir plus
Publié par
Date de parution
02 février 2023
Nombre de lectures
0
EAN13
9782759827961
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
7 Mo
This guide is intended to be practical and accessible to all actors of the upstream, midstream oil & gas sectors, it is intended primarily for use by operators, inspectors, technologists, engineering companies, suppliers of equipment and anticorrosion solutions and those responsible for corrosion and erosion control in the sectors of exploration production (upstream) of mineral oils, natural gas and Liquefied Natural Gas.The main objectives are: • to promote awareness of the damage mechanisms that are commonly occurring oil and gas production facilities for all persons involved;• to indicate their potential severity, according to the operating conditions;• to help locate these mechanisms in the facilities, in order to anticipate them, avoid them or monitor their evolution;• to help with materials selection and corrosion prevention solutions in the design phase;• to provide schematics and diagrams that can be use in documents, guides, specifications, …;• to provide up-to-date feedback from operated facilities.This guide consists of four sections: 1 - contextual presentation and objectives; 2 - definitions, standards; 3 - reminders on the feared damage mechanisms in the upstream sector; 4 - prediction of corrosion in upstream facilities.The third section describes the degradation mechanisms encountered in the upstream and midstream, thirteen specific mechanisms are identified while in the last section, the possible damage mechanisms, their severity, and location are described for ten process units and ten utility units. The descriptions are illustrated in typical Corrosion Prediction Diagrams and Material Selection Diagrams. Typical material selection and prevention solutions are provided. They are also reported and described on these same diagrams. These proposals are generic, should be considered as a guideline, and have to be confirmed or infirmed during detailed engineering studies.
Contributions III
List of figures and tables V
Introduction 1
1. Scope and Objectives 3
1.1. Scope 3
1.2. Objectives 4
2. Definitions, Acronyms and References 5
2.1. Definitions 5
2.2. Acronyms 6
2.3. Standards and other references10
3. Description of Damage Mechanisms11
3.1. Assessment of damage mechanisms applicable to E & P 11
3.2. Damage mechanisms amended from API RP 571 15
3.3. Specific damage mechanisms in E& P activities 30
4. Corrosion Prediction 111
4.1. Evaluation of the sensitivity to the different damage mechanisms 114
4.2. Use of simplified process diagrams 115
4.3. Process 117
4.4. Utilities 221
Publié par
Date de parution
02 février 2023
EAN13
9782759827961
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
7 Mo
9 782759 827954
QuiSnCtIeEsNciTeIFnIcCesAND TECHNICAL GUIDES
Predicting Internal Corrosion in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Operations Coordonné par P. Gasselin, J.P. Choisis, S. Petit, F. Purseigle et S. Zasser
CEFRACOR’S SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL GUIDES
L’agriculture en famille : Predicting InternalCorrosion travailler, réinventer, in Oil and Gas Exploration transmettre and Production Operations Coordonné par P. Gasselin, J.P. Choisis, S. Petit, F. Purseigle et S. Zasser T his guide is intended to be practical and accessible to all actors of the upstream, midstream oil & gas sectors, it is intended primarily for use by operators, inspectors, technologists, engineering companies, suppliers of equipment and anticorrosion solutions and those responsible for corrosion and erosion control in the sectors of exploration production (upstream) of mineral oils, natural gas and Liquefied Natural Gas. The main objectives are: • to promote awareness of the damage mechanisms that are commonly occurring oil and gas production facilities for all persons involved; • to indicate their potential severity, according to the operating conditions; • to help locate these mechanisms in the facilities, in order to anticipate them, avoid them or monitor their evolution; to help with materials selection and corrosion prevention solutions in the design phase; •to provide schematics and diagrams that can be use in documents, guides, specifications, …; • to provide up-to-date feedback from operated facilities. This guide consists of four sections: 1 - contextual presentation and objectives; 2 - definitions, standards; 3 - reminders on the feared damage mechanisms in the upstream sector; 4 - prediction of corrosion in upstream facilities. The third section describes the degradation mechanisms encountered in the upstream and midstream, thirteen specific mechanisms are identified while in the last section, the possible damage mechanisms, their severity, and location are described for ten process units and ten utility units. The descriptions are illustrated in typical Corrosion Prediction Diagrams and Material Selection Diagrams. Typical material selection and prevention solutions are provided. They are also reported and described on these same diagrams. These proposals are generic, should be considered as a guideline, and have to be confirmed or infirmed during detailed engineering studies.
This guide is a collective work prepared by the members of the Commission "Corrosion in Energy and Process Industries" of CEFRACOR. CEFRACOR gathers the organizations and the individuals concerned by the behavior of materials in their environment. Its objective is to answer the questions of corrosion and durability of materials, in all industrial fields and to organize the transfers of knowledge.
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9 782759 827954 00€
This collection provides guides on processes related Les ouvrtaogtehsedtrelaatmceonllteocrtipornevPeRntOiofinlofnctorrosion. They pour vocartieointlaentrdaendsfmoirsstihoenmdeasinsavctooirrsin the fields professiocnoneclesrndeadnsbdyifcfoérreonstioesnd(icsocnisptlirnuecst.ion managers, Ils sont rcéodripgoérsatpearednegsineexepresr,tpsroeceosnsnsuusppliers, etc.). dans leuTrshedgoumidaienseasretwcriottnetrnibuyetnhteàslpaecialists of the www.ewd.epdscpisecniecnesc.eosr.fgoorrgmation et l’information de professionnels. CEFRACOR commissions.
Pédîctîn ïnténà Coosîon în Oî ànd Gàs Expoàtîon ànd Podûctîon Opéàtîons
Scîentîic and Technîca Guîde
CEFRACOR Workgroup “Corrosîon înterne Oî & Gas” Commîssîon “Corrosîon în Energy and Process Industrîes”
17, avenue du Hoggar Parc d’actîvîtés de Courtaboeuf, BP 112 91944 Les Uîs Cedex A, France
Prînted în France
ISBN(prînt): 978-2-7598-2795-4 – ISBN(ebook): 978-2-7598-2796-1
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© EDP Sciences, 2023
Contents
Contrîbutîons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III
Lîst of igures and tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introductîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Scope and Objectîves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1. Scopé. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2. Ojéctîvés. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Deinîtîons, Acronyms and References. . . 2.1. DéInîtîons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2. Aconyms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3. Stàndàds ànd othé éfééncés. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Descrîptîon of Damage Mechanîsms. . . . . . 3.1. Asséssmént of dàmàé méchànîsms àppîcàé to E & P. . . . . . . . . 3.2. Dàmàé méchànîsms àméndéd fom APï RP 571. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3. SpécîIc dàmàé méchànîsms în E & P àctîvîtîés. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
V
1
3 3 4
5 5 6 10
11 11 15 30
II
Predîctîng Interna Corrosîon în Oî and Gas Exporatîon and Productîon Operatîons
4. Corrosîon Predîctîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 4.1. Evàûàtîon of thé sénsîtîvîty to thé dîfféént dàmàé méchànîsms .114 4.2. Usé of sîmpîIéd pocéss dîààms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115 4.3. Pocéss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117 4.4. Utîîtîés. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221
Authors
Mîche BONIS, TOTAL S.A.
Benoît DUCIEL, Dorîs Engîneerîng
Améîe FEREY, TECHNIP France
Marc KAMIONKA, TECHNIP France
Anass LAGRINI, SAIPEM S.A.
Antoîne SURBLED, A.S. Corr. Consut
Dephîne ZUILI, TECHNIP France
and
Emîîe BIXQUERT, GENESIS Oî and Gas Consutants
Jérémy BOISSELIER, SAIPEM S.A.
Thîerry BRAISAZ, TECHNIP France
Cîndy CECILLON-FROSSARD, TECHNIP France
Aexandre DIDOT, TECHNIP France
Quentîn GAUSSERES, TECHNIP France
Jean KITTEL, IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES
Mîîtza LOBATON, Instîtut de Soudure Industrîes
Jean-Marc MARTINEZ, SUBSEA7
Contrîbutîons
Frédérîc WACOGNE, Compagnîe Françaîse de Géothermîe
IV
Predîctîng Interna Corrosîon în Oî and Gas Exporatîon and Productîon Operatîons
Revîewers
Caude DURET-THUAL
Grégory MOULIE, TotaEnergîes
Steve PATERSON, She
Feîpe RAMIREZ, Modec Internatîona Inc.
Fîgures
Lîst of igures and tables
Fîûé 1. – Coosîon mànàémént pocéss dîààm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Fîûé 2. – SSC domàîns às à fûnctîon of pH ànd H S pàtîà péssûé, 2 às déInéd în NACE MR0175/ïSO 15156. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Fîûé 3. – ïûstàtîons of à coàsé-àînéd càon stéé HAZ éhéàtéd to cosé-to-cîtîcà témpéàtûés.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Fîûé 4. – Réhéàt Càckîn Pocéss.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Fîûé 5. – Thé màîn fàctos of CO coosîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2 Fîûé 6. – CO coosîon of podûctîon tûîn, wîth coàéscéncé of càtés. . 32 2 Fîûé 7. – CO coosîon àt thé às cooé oûtét, ~ 3% CO , 40 °C, 2 2 ~ 7.0 MPà. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Fîûé 8. – Péfééntîà coosîon of à wéd – à pàtîcûà ànd hîhy ocàîzéd fom of CO coosîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2 Fîûé 9. – ocàîzéd CO coosîon wîth potûdîn coosîon déposît 2 în à às wé. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Fîûé 10. – Swéét vs. Soû Coosîon Domàîns, àdàptéd fom B. Pots & à. [1]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Fîûé 11. – Sévéé ocàîzéd coosîon of podûcéd wàté pîpés contàmînàtéd y oxyén înéss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Fîûé 12. – Coosîon àssocîàtéd wîth à thîck îon sûIdé déposît àt thé ottom of à às wé [5]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Fîûé 13. – Càsé of swéét TC comînîn ocàîzéd coosîon àt thé top ànd ûnîfom on thé sîdés [1]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Fîûé 14. – Tûécés émovéd fom càon stéé sûfàcés în powé pànts (soûcé: pàé 188 of Mànûà of mîcoîà coosîon [9]). . . . . . . 51
VI
Predîctîng Interna Corrosîon în Oî and Gas Exporatîon and Productîon Operatîons
Fîûé 15. – Mîcoîooîcày ïndûcéd Coosîon of à mîné wàté àîsîn coûmn (coûtésy of: Compànîé Fànçàîsé dé GÉothémîé). . . . 51 Fîûé 16. – Hémîsphéîc càté mophooy càûséd y sévéé Mîcoîooîcày ïndûcéd Coosîon (5 to 15 mm/yéà) [17]. . . 51 Fîûé 17. – Eosîon - coosîon pàttén. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Fîûé 18. – Eosîon pàtténs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58. . Fîûé 19. – Pévéntîvé soûtîons fo éosîon-coosîon.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Fîûé 20. – Pévéntîvé soûtîons fo méchànîcà éosîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Fîûé 21. – Stûctûé of thé ûst àyé în àéàtéd wàté (àdàptéd fom H.M. Héo, Pàpé No. 84, Coosîon ’91).. . . . . 67 Fîûé 22. – Coosîon concéntàtîon cé, dévéopîn tûécés, chémîcà éqûîîîà, pH ànd oxyén concéntàtîon àdîénts în thé tûécé vs. ocàtîon (àdàptéd fom HM Héo, Pàpé No. 84, Coosîon ’91). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Fîûé 23. – Tûûà coosîon méchànîsm: thé méchànîsm îs cosé to thàt éàdîn to thé dévéopmént of tûécés – thé tûûà fom îs dûé to à comînàtîon of focés éxétéd dûîn thé coosîon pocéss [9].. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Fîûé 24. – Wàté-stéàm cîcûît; (à) oxyén îndûcéd coosîon of thé ûppé pàt of à thémosîphon vàpoîzé; () détàî of pît.. . . . . . . . . . . 72 Fîûé 25. – Sévéé pîttîn coosîon dûé to sûfû déposîtîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Fîûé 26. – Pîttîn coosîon méchànîsm dîààm în àéàtéd choîdé énvîonmént.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83. . . . . . . Fîûé 27. – CàssîIcàtîon of pîts àccodîn to théî shàpé.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Fîûé 28. – Cévîcé coosîon of àûsténîtîc stàînéss stéé ûndé àskét.. . . . . 92 Fîûé 29. – Coosîon Méchànîsms of Aûmînûm Aoys în péséncé of mécûy.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Fîûé 30. – Sépààtîon of thé pàtés în à cyoénîc éxchàné coé dûé to thé fomàtîon of àn àmààm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Fîûé 31. – Hydàtéd àûmînà ésûtîn fom coosîon of àn àûmînûm àoy y àn àmààm.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Fîûé 32. – ME càckîn of àn A-M àoy, àttàck àt àîn oûndàîés (coss séctîon, optîcà mîcoscopy).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Fîûé 33. – ME càckîn of à wéd on à cyoénîc àûmînûm héàt éxchàné. Thîs càck càûséd thé fàîûé of thé héàt éxchàné.101 Fîûé 34. – Càcks dûé to stéss coosîon în H S énvîonménts [5]. . . . . . . 107 2
