Bridge to Success Biology 2 , livre ebook

pages

English

Ebooks

2015

Écrit par
SHEY YIVEYUVI J. MAINEMO

Publié par
NMI Education

Lire un extrait

Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne En savoir plus

Découvre YouScribe en t'inscrivant gratuitement

Je m'inscris

Découvre YouScribe en t'inscrivant gratuitement

Je m'inscris

pages

English

Ebooks

2015

Lire un extrait

Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne En savoir plus

Publié par

NMI Education

Date de parution

01 janvier 2015

Nombre de lectures

EAN13

9789956580651

Langue

English

Poids de l'ouvrage

9 Mo

In the teaching and learning process, learners are expected to have acquired the basic concepts and principles in various subjects taught at the different levels of school. Bridge to Success Biology is a learning programme that has the objective of enhancing the acquisition of the required basic competencies in various subject areas. The immediate goal of the programme is to provide a quick summary of key concepts and principles with a lot of practice exercises to help the learner to pass their class and level exams with high grades. The series is innovative and tailored to the school curriculum so that it serves as a good supplementary tool to the core textbook.

Voir

Publié par

NMI Education

Date de parution

01 janvier 2015

Nombre de lectures

EAN13

9789956580651

Langue

English

Poids de l'ouvrage

9 Mo

STUDY&REVISIONGUIDEFORBIOLOGY

FORM2

SHEY YIVEYUVI J. MAINEMO

All rights reserved. No reproduction or transmission of this publication without written permission from the publisher and author. The author asserts his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the copyright law.

First edition 2015 © Nmi Education P.O. Box 31267 Yaounde - Cameroon Email: frontdesk@nmieducation.org Website: www.nmieducation.org

Project Manager: Mela Fokam Gisèle Épouse NGADEHI Editorial Assistant : Makowo Momo Solange Typesetter: ABONGHEN Brigitte Cover designer: ABONGHEN Brigitte Illustration: Nmi Education

ISBN: 9956-580-65-1

PREFACE

The main aim of book two is to introduce the students to the study of animals without backbones i.e. invertebrates. These organisms are studied bearing in mind their habitats, their structures, classification and mode of life. Having studied the characteristics of living things in Book ONE and how these living things are classified, all of these are now applied inBOOK TWOfor the students to understand the concept very well. This is done in simple English and mostly in points form to ease the study and help in revision especially during the examination period. Each organism is classified following the modern system of classification as put forward by Larders Linnaeres, the father of classification well labeled diagrams have been introduced and the functions of the different parts clearly brought out in point form to facilitate the understanding of the subject matter. Non flowering plants have also been studied and the idea of “alternation of generation” brought forward for future understanding in subsequent classes. Bearing in mind that if our environment is well taken care of, we too will be very healthy, the book talks of some of the harmful effects of man's activities in his environment and their consequences. This will help us to build future Cameroonians that are conscious of their environment for sustainability of our limited resources. Since pollution be it land, air or water is also a major hazard, pictures have been introduced to enable the students to see for themselves. Methods of prevention and control have also been proposed. Pictures of wildlife and its conservation are also found in the book to enable the students to understand that if we do not conserve this wildlife, some of our animal species will be wiped out from the surface of the earth. If there is any shortcoming in the book, constructive criticisms will be welcomed so as to ameliorate the subsequent editions. Due to time constraint, there are no revision questions which strongly believe that in the next edition, this will be taken proper care of.

SHEY YIVEYUVI JULIUS MAINEMO

T C ABLE OF ONTENT

5.3 The Housefly (Musca Domestica) - Classification - Structure, mode of life and economic importance

CHAPTER ONE INVERTEBRATES UNIT ONE :Worms

UNIT FIVE:PHYLUM: ARTHROPODA

UNI SIX:SOCIAL INSECTS 6.1 The termites or white ant colony and its organisation6.2 The honey bee colony and its organisation

15 15 16

18 18 20 21

22 25

28 28 28 28 29 29 29 30 31 31 31 32 32

UNIT SEVEN: 7.1 Class: Diplopoda - Characteristics of Diplopoda 7.2 Class: Chilopoda (Centipedes) - General characteristics between Centipedes and millipedes- Differences 7.3 Class. Arachnids - General characteristics of Arachnids 7.4 The Scorpion - Differences between scorpions and Spiders 7.5 Lice - Different types of Lice and their prevention 7.6 Ticks - Economic Importance of Arachnids

16 16 18

5.1 Class: Insecta - Characteristics of insects - Metamorphosis in insects - Example: The Garden Snail – Helix aspersa - Structure and mode of life

UNIT TWO:PHYLUM: NEMATODA (Round Unsegmented Worms) e.g. Ascaris Lumbricoides

5.4 The Cockroach (periplanata Americana) - Structure and mode of life5.5 Mosquito - Classification

UNIT FOUR:MOLLUSCA (Example: Garden Snail, Helix aspersa)

13 13 13 14 14

5.2 The Grasshopper - Classification - Structure and Economic importance

UNIT THREE:PHYLUM: ANNELIDA (Round Segmented Worms)

7.7 Class: Malacostraca - General characteristics of Malacostracans - Classification - Crab and Crayfish - Economic importance of Malacostracans

CHAPTER TWO UNIT ONE: PHYLUM: CHORDATA - Characteristics of chordates 1.1 Class: Reptilia1.2 Class: Aves (Birds)1.3 Class: MammaliaCHAPTER THREE UNIT ONE: Non Flowering Plants (Moss and ferns)CHAPTER FOUR:FUNGI- Mushroom - Classification - Mode and life - Economic importance of Fungi CHAPTER FIVE: FLOWERING PLANTS (ANGIOSPERMS) - Features Of Flowering Plants - Monocotyledons - Classification - Dicotylydons - Economic importance of cereals - Differences between Monocots and dicots CHAPTER SIX ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION UNIT ONE:Pollution - Types of pollution UNIT TWO:Forest, wildlife and Human Activities in his Environment - Deforestation - Bushfires - Wildlife - Method of wild life conservation BiodiversityConservation

33 33 33 33 35

46 49 49 50 50

51 51 51 52 53 54 54

55 58 58 58 59 59 59

CHAPTERONE

INVERTEBRATES

We have so many species of animals living in the world today. More than 90% of them do not have a back bone or vertebral column. Such organisms without back bones are called invertebrates. Some of these invertebrates are used as food e.g. locusts, crayfish e.t.c while some of them are very harmful and cause diseases e.g. lice, tapeworms, Ascaris worm e.t.c.

UNIT ONE WORMS Worms are classified into three phyla namely: Platyhelminthes or flat worms, Nematoda or round unsegmented worms and Annelida or round segmented worms.

Phylum: Platyhelminthes or Flat Worms Characteristics of flatworms ·They show bilateral symmetry i.e. they have only one plane alone in which the body can be split into two equal halves. ·They have a definite anterior (front or head) and aposterior (rear or tail ) regions. ·They have an incomplete digestive system i.e. a mouth with no anus. ·Have hooks and suckers or suckers only. ·They are dorsoventrally flattened hence the name flatworms.

Mature proglottis

Diagram of a pig tapeworm

young proglottis

Head of Taenia solium

rostellum

Voir