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Ferri's Best Test
A Practical Guide to Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Diagnostic Imaging
Fifth Edition

Fred F. Ferri, MD, FACP
Clinical Professor of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
Table of Contents
Instructions for online access
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Preface
Acknowledgments
Section I. Diagnostic Imaging
Section I Diagnostic Imaging
A. Abdominal and Gastrointestinal (GI) Imaging
B. Breast Imaging
C. Cardiac Imaging
D. Chest Imaging
E. Endocrine Imaging
F. Genitourinary Imaging
G. Musculoskeletal and Spinal Cord Imaging
H. Neuroimaging of Brain
I. Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
J. Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
K. Vascular Imaging
L. Oncology
Section II. Laboratory Values and Interpretation of Results
ACE Level
Acetone (Serum or Plasma)
Acetylcholine Receptor (AChR) Antibody
Acid Phosphatase (Serum)
Acid Serum Test
Activated Clotting Time (ACT)
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Alanine Aminopeptidase
Alanine Aminotransferase (alt, Formerly Serum Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase [SGPT])
Albumin (Serum)
Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Aldolase (Serum)
Aldosterone (Plasma)
Alkaline Phosphatase (Serum)
Alpha-1-Antitrypsin (Serum)
Alpha-1-Fetoprotein (Serum)
ALT
Aluminum (Serum)
AMA
Amebiasis Serologic Test
Aminolevulinic Acid (d-ALA) (24-Hour Urine Collection)
Ammonia (Serum)
Amylase (Serum)
Amylase, Urine
Amyloid A Protein (Serum)
ANA
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum (HGA)
ANCA
Androstenedione (Serum)
Angiotensin II
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Level
ANH
Anion Gap
Anticardiolipin Antibody (ACA)
Anticentromere Antibody
Anticoagulant
Antidiuretic Hormone
Anti-DNA
Anti-dsDNA
Antiglobulin Test, Direct
Antiglobulin Test, Indirect
Antiglomerular Basement Antibody
Anti-HCV
Antihistone
Anti-Jo-1
Antimitochondrial Antibody (AMA)
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)
Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)
Antiphospholipid Antibody
Anti-RNP Antibody
Anti-Scl-70
Anti-Smith (Anti-Sm) Antibody
Anti-Smooth Muscle Antibody
Antistreptolysin O Titer (Streptozyme, ASLO Titer)
Antithrombin III
Apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1)
Apolipoprotein B (Apo B)
Arterial Blood Gases
Arthrocentesis Fluid
ASLO Titer
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST, Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase [SGOT])
Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH)
Basophil Count
Beta-2 Microglobulin
Bicarbonate
Bile Acid Breath Test
Bile, Urine
Bilirubin, Direct (Conjugated Bilirubin)
Bilirubin, Indirect (Unconjugated Bilirubin)
Bilirubin, Total
Bilirubin, Urine
Bladder Tumor–Associated Antigen
Bleeding Time (Modified IVY Method)
Blood Type
Blood Volume, Total
Bordetella pertussis Serology
BRCA-1, BRCA-2
Breath Hydrogen Test
B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
BUN
C3
C4
CA 15-3
CA 19-9
CA 27-29
CA 72-4
CA 125
Calcitonin (Serum)
Calcium (Serum)
Calcium, Urine
Cancer Antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3)
Cancer Antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9)
Cancer Antigen 27-29 (CA 27-29)
Cancer Antigen 72-4 (CA 72-4)
Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125)
Captopril Stimulation Test
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9
Carbon Dioxide, Partial Pressure
Carbon Monoxide
Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb)
Cardiac Markers (Serum)
Cardiac Troponins
Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)
Cardio-CRP
Carotene (Serum)
Catecholamines, Urine
CBC
CCK
CCK-PZ
CCP IgG Antibody
CD4 T-Lymphocyte Count (CD4 T-Cells)
CD40 Ligand
CEA
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Ceruloplasmin (Serum)
Chlamydia Group Antibody Serologic Test
Chlamydia trachomatis Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT)
Chlamydia trachomatis Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Chloride (Serum)
Chloride (Sweat)
Chloride, Urine
Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin (CCK, CCK-PZ)
Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein
Cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein
Cholesterol, Total
Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), Human (Serum)
Chymotrypsin
Circulating Anticoagulant (Antiphospholipid Antibody, Lupus Anticoagulant)
CK
Clonidine Suppression Test
Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile Toxin Assay (Stool)
CO
Coagulation Factors
Cold Agglutinins Titer
Complement (C3, C4)
Complete Blood Cell (CBC) Count (Normal Values)
Conjugated Bilirubin
Coombs, Direct
Coombs, Indirect (Antiglobulin, Indirect)
Copper (Serum)
Copper, Urine
Coronavirus
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) Stimulation Test
Cortisol (Plasma)
COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)
C-Peptide
CPK
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
Creatinine Clearance
Creatine Kinase (CK), Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK)
Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes
Creatinine (Serum)
Creatinine, Urine
Cryoglobulins (Serum)
Cryptosporidium Antigen by Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) (Stool)
CSF
Cystatin C
Cystic Fibrosis Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Cytomegalovirus by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
DAT
d-Dimer
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate
Deoxycorticosterone (11-Deoxycorticosterone, doc), Serum
Dexamethasone Suppression Test, Overnight
Digoxin
Dihydrotestosterone, Serum, Urine
Dilantin
Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT, Coombs Test Direct)
Disaccharide Absorption Tests
DOC
Donath-Landsteiner (D-L) Test for Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria
Dopamine
d-Xylose Absorption Test
Electrolytes, Urine
Electrophoresis, Hemoglobin
Electrophoresis, Protein
ENA Complex
Endomysial Antibodies
Eosinophil Count
Epinephrine, Plasma
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Serology
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) (Westergren)
Erythropoietin (EP)
Estradiol (Serum)
Estrogens, Total
Ethanol (Blood)
Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA Complex, Anti-RNP Antibody, Anti-SM, Anti-Smith)
Factor V Leiden
FDP
FENA
Fecal fat, Qualitative
Fecal fat, Quantitative (72-Hour Collection)
Fecal Globin Immunochemical Test
Ferritin (Serum)
Fibrin Degradation Product (FDP)
Fibrinogen
5-Hydroxyindole-Acetic Acid, Urine
5′ Nucleotidase
Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody
Folate (Folic Acid)
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENA)
Free T4
Free Thyroxine Index
FSH
FTA-ABS (Serum)
Furosemide Stimulation Test
Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)
Gastrin (Serum)
Gastrin Stimulation Test
Gliadin Antibodies, Immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG
Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibody
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
Glucagon
Glucose, Fasting
Glucose, Postprandial
Glucose Tolerance Test
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Screen (Blood)
γ-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)
Glycated (Glycosylated) Hemoglobin (HbA1c)
Glycohemoglobin
Growth Hormone
Growth Hormone–Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
Growth Hormone Suppression Test (After Glucose)
Ham Test (Acid Serum Test)
Haptoglobin (Serum)
HbA1c
hCG Tumor Marker
HDL
Helicobacter pylori (Serology, Stool Antigen)
Hematocrit
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin (Hb) Electrophoresis
Hemoglobin, Glycated
Hemoglobin, Glycosylated
Hemoglobin H
Hemoglobin, Urine
Hemosiderin, Urine
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Antibodies
Hepatitis A Antibody
Hepatitis B Core Antibody
Hepatitis B DNA
Hepatitis Be Antigen (HBeAg) and Antibody
Hepatitis B Surface Antibody
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)
Hepatitis C Antibody (Anti-HCV)
Hepatitis C Genotype
Hepatitis C RNA
Hepatitis D Antigen and Antibody
Her-2/neu
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
Heterophil Antibody
HFE Screen for Hereditary Hemochromatosis
High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol
Homocysteine, Plasma
Hs-CRP
HSV
Human Chorionic Gonadotropins (hCG)
Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV8)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibody, Type 1 (HIV-1)
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
Huntington Disease Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
17-Hydroxyprogesterone
Immune Complex Assay
Immunoglobulin (Ig)
Influenza A and B Tests
INR
Insulin Autoantibodies
Insulin, Free
Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1), Serum
Insulin-Like Growth Factor II
International Normalized Ratio (INR)
Intrinsic Factor Antibodies
Iron-Binding Capacity (Total Iron-Binding Capacity [TIBC])
Iron Saturation (% Transferrin Saturation)
Iron, Serum
Lactate (Blood)
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Isoenzymes
Lactose Tolerance Test (Serum)
LAP Score
LDH
LDL
Lead
Legionella pneumophila Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Legionella Titer
Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP)
LH
Lipase
Lipoprotein (A)
Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Low Density
Lipoprotein Cholesterol, High Density
Liver Kidney Microsome Type 1 (LKM1) Antibodies
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol
Lupus Anticoagulant (LA) Test
Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Blood
Lymphocytes
Magnesium (Serum)
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
Metanephrines, Urine
Methylmalonic Acid, Serum
Mitochondrial Antibody (Antimitochondrial Antibody [AMA])
Monocyte Count
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Myelin Basic Protein, Cerebrospinal Fluid
Myoglobin, Urine
Natriuretic Peptide
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Neutrophil Count
Norepinephrine
Osmolality, Serum
Osmolality, Urine
Osmotic Fragility Test
Paracentesis Fluid
Parathyroid Hormone
Parietal Cell Antibodies
Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)
Pepsinogen I
PFA
pH, Blood
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Phosphatase, Acid
Phosphatase, Alkalin