Essentials of Cardiac Anesthesia E-Book , livre ebook

Essentials of Cardiac Anesthesia

Joel A. Kaplan, MD, CPE, FACC
Dean Emeritus, School of Medicine, Former Chancellor, Health Sciences Center, Professor of Clinical Anesthesiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
Professor, Clinical Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, California
W.B. Saunders
Copyright
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Notice
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our knowledge, changes in practice, treatment, and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner, relying on his or her own experience and knowledge of the patient, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the publisher nor the authors assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of the material contained in this book.
The Publisher
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Essentials of cardiac anesthesia / [edited by] Joel A. Kaplan. - 1st ed. p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
1. Anesthesia in cardiology. 2. Heart-Surgery. I. Kaplan, Joel A.
[DNLM: 1. Anesthesia. 2. Cardiac Surgical Procedures.
3. Heart-drug effects. WO 245 E78 2008]
RD87.3.H43E87 2008
617.9'6741-dc22 2007038046
Acquisitions Editor: Natasha Andjelkovic
Developmental Editor: Isabel Trudeau
Publishing Services Manager: Joan Sinclair
Project Manager: Lawrence Shanmugaraj
Text Designer: Karen O'Keefe Owens
Printed in China
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Dedication
TO ALL OF THE RESIDENTS AND FELLOWS IN CARDIAC, ANESTHESIA WITH WHOM I HAVE BEEN FORTUNATE TO WORK, OVER THE PAST 30 YEARS.
JAK
Contributors

Maher Adi, MD, Staff Anesthesiologist, Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, 3: Cardiac Physiology

Lishan Aklog, MD, Chair, The Cardiovascular Center, Chief of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart and Lung Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, 15: Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery

James M. Bailey, MD, PhD, Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 27: Postoperative Cardiovascular Management

Daniel Bainbridge, MD, FRCPC, Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, Active Staff Anesthesiologist, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, London Health Sciences, Centre–University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada, 26: Postoperative Cardiac Recovery and Outcomes

Victor C. Baum, MD, Professor of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, Director of Cardiac Anesthesia, Executive Vice-Chair, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 16: Congenital Heart Disease in Adults

Elliott Bennett-Guerrero, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Director of Perioperative Clinical Research, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, 6: Systemic Inflammation

Dan E. Berkowitz, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 7: Pharmacology of Anesthetic Drugs

John F. Butterworth, IV, MD, Robert K. Stoelting Professor and Chair, Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Anesthesiologist, Clarian University Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana, 8: Cardiovascular Pharmacology

Alfonso Casta, MD, Lecturer, Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Senior Associate in Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, 20: Anesthesia for Heart, Lung, and Heart-Lung Transplantation

Charles E. Chambers, MD, Professor of Medicine and Radiology, Pennsylvania State University School of Medicine, Director, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Hershey, Pennsylvania, 2: The Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory

Mark A. Chaney, MD, Associate Professor, Director of Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, Illinois, 31: Pain Management for the Postoperative Cardiac Patient

Davy C.H. Cheng, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Professor and Chairman, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, Chief, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, St. Joseph's Health Care London, London, Ontario, Canada, 26: Postoperative Cardiac Recovery and Outcomes

Albert T. Cheung, MD, Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 17: Thoracic Aortic Disease

John L. Chow, MD, MS, Assistant Professor, Divisions of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 22: Cardiopulmonary Bypass and the Anesthesiologist

David J. Cook, MD, Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, 14: Valvular Heart Disease: Replacement and Repair

Marianne Coutu, MD, FRCSC, Assistant Professor, Cardiac Surgery Department, University of Sherbrooke Medical Center, Fleurimont, Quebec, Canada, 15: Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery

Marcel E. Durieux, MD, PhD, Professor of Anesthesiology, Clinical Professor, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, 5: Molecular Cardiovascular Medicine

Harvey L. Edmonds, Jr., PhD, Director of Cardiovascular Services, Surgical Monitoring Associates, Inc., Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania, 11: Central Nervous System Monitoring

Gregory W. Fischer, MD, Instructor in Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, 21: New Approaches to the Surgical Treatment of End-Stage Heart Failure

Lee A. Fleisher, MD, FACC, Robert D. Dripps Professor and Chair, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1: Assessment of Cardiac Risk

Dean T. Giacobbe, MD, Staff Anesthesiologist, Chesapeake Regional Medical Center, Chesapeake, Virginia, 30: Long-Term Complications and Management

Leanne Groban, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 8: Cardiovascular Pharmacology

Hilary P. Grocott, MD, FRCPC, Professsor, Department of Anesthesiology and Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, Adjunct Professor of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 23: Organ Protection During Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Kelly L. Grogan, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Anesthesiologist, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, 7: Pharmacology of Anesthetic Drugs

Thomas L. Higgins, MD, MBA, FCCM, Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, Chief, Critical Care Division, Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Anesthesiology, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, 28: Postoperative Respiratory Care

Zak Hillel, MD, PhD, Professor of Clinical Anesthesiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Director of Cardiac Anesthesia, St. Luke's–Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, New york, 3: Cardiac Physiology

Roberta L. Hines, MD, Professor and Chair, Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, Chief of Anesthesia, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 3: Cardiac Physiology , 25: Discontinuing Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Jiri Horak, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1: Assessment of Cardiac Risk

Jay Horrow, MD, Professor and Chairman, Department of Anesthesiology, Drexel University School of Medicine, Professor of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Hahnemann University Hospital, Philadelphia, Penns