Bancroft's Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques, International Edition , livre ebook

Bancroft’s Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques
Seventh Edition

S. Kim Suvarna
Consultant Pathologist, Histopathology Department, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK

Christopher Layton
Specialist Section Lead in Specimen Dissection, Histopathology Department, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK

John D. Bancroft
Formerly Pathology Directorate Manager and Business Manager, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
Churchill Livingstone
Table of Contents
Instructions for online access
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Foreword
Preface to the seventh edition
Preface to the first edition
List of contributors
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: Managing the laboratory
Introduction
Governance
Acknowledgments
Chapter 2: Safety and ergonomics in the laboratory
Risk management
Control of chemicals hazardous to health and the environment
Control of biological substances hazardous to health and the environment
Control of physical hazards
Hazards and handling of common histological chemicals
Ergonomics
Chapter 3: Light microscopy
Light and its properties
Image quality
The components of a microscope
Magnification and illumination
Phase contrast microscopy
Interference microscopy
Polarized light microscopy
Fluorescence microscopy
Use of the microscope
Setting up the microscope
Chapter 4: Fixation of tissues
Introduction
Types of fixation
Physical methods of fixation
Chemical fixation
Special fixatives
Compound fixatives
Factors affecting the quality of fixation
Selecting or avoiding specific fixatives
Fixation for selected individual tissues
Useful formulae for fixatives
For metabolic bone disease
Fixation and decalcifation
Fixation for fatty tissue
Chapter 5: The gross room/surgical cut-up
Introduction
Safety first and last
Specimen reception
Surgical cut-up/specimen dissection/grossing
Thinking before dissection
Specimen dissection plans
Chapter 6: Tissue processing
Incorporating
Tissue microarray
Chapter 7: Microtomy: Paraffin and frozen
Introduction
Microtomy
Paraffin section cutting
Frozen and related sections
Uses of frozen sections
Cryostat sectioning
Freeze drying and freeze substitution
Frozen section substitution
Chapter 8: Plastic embedding for light microscopy
Introduction
Ultrastructural studies
Hard tissues and implants
High-resolution light microscopy
Plastic embedding media
Applications of acrylic sections
In situ hybridization
Acrylic plastic processing schedules
Future of acrylic plastic embedding
Chapter 9: How histological stains work
Introduction
A general theory of staining
Some dyestuff properties
Problem avoidance and troubleshooting
Chapter 10: The hematoxylins and eosin
Introduction
Eosin
Hematoxylin
Alum hematoxylins
Routine staining procedures using alum hematoxylins
Iron hematoxylins
Tungsten hematoxylins
Molybdenum hematoxylins
Lead hematoxylins
Hematoxylin without a mordant
Quality control in routine H&E staining
Difficult sections
Chapter 11: Connective and mesenchymal tissues with their stains
Introduction
Formed or fibrous intercellular substances
Methenamine silver microwave method
Connective tissue cells
Connective tissues
Connective tissue stains
Chapter 12: Carbohydrates
Introduction
Classification of carbohydrates
Connective tissue glycoconjugates – the proteoglycans
Mucins
Other glycoproteins
Fixation
Techniques for the demonstration of carbohydrates
Lectins and immunohistochemistry
Enzymatic digestion techniques
Chemical modification and blocking techniques
Chapter 13: Pigments and minerals
Introduction
Endogenous pigments
Artifact pigments
Exogenous pigments and minerals
Chapter 14: Amyloid
Introduction
Ultrastructure
Classification
Pathogenesis
Amyloidosis
Diagnosis
Demonstration
Metachromatic techniques for amyloid
Polarizing microscopy
Acquired fluorescence methods
Miscellaneous methods
Fibril extraction
Immunohistochemistry for amyloid
Laser microdissection-proteomics: a new tool for typing amyloid
Evaluation of methods
The future
Acknowledgments
Chapter 15: Microorganisms
Introduction
General principles of detection and identification
The Gram stain
Techniques for mycobacteria
Some important bacteria
Fungal infections
A selection of the more important fungi and actinomycetes
The demonstration of rickettsia
The detection and identification of viruses
Viral infections
Prion disease
The demonstration of protozoa and other organisms
Worms
Acknowledgments
Chapter 16: Bone
Introduction
Normal bone
Techniques for analyzing bone
Processing decalcified bone
Preparation of mineralized bone
Morphometry of bone
Chapter 17: Techniques in neuropathology
Introduction
The components of the normal nervous system
Techniques for staining neurons
Myelin
The neuroglia
Neurodegeneration
Neuropathology laboratory specimen handling
Acknowledgments
Chapter 18: Immunohistochemical techniques
Introduction
Immunohistochemistry theory
Immunohistochemical methods
Immunohistochemistry in practice
Chapter 19: Immunofluorescent techniques
Introduction
Preservation of substrate antigens
Primary antibodies and conjugates
Staining procedure
Microscopy
Quality control
Diagnostic histopathology
Chapter 20: Immunohistochemistry quality control
Introduction
Factors affecting stain quality
Monitoring stain quality
Troubleshooting
Chapter 21: Molecular pathology
Introduction
Applications
Common reagents
Probes and their choice
Probe preparation and labeling
Preparation of the dilution series
Commercially made probes
Detection
Sample preparation
Treatment of solutions and glassware to destroy nuclease activity
Automation
Troubleshooting
Genetic testing: fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
General FISH procedure
FISH set-up
Specific FISH procedure: HER2 FISH (PathVysionTM)
General scoring analysis criteria for FISH
Troubleshooting FISH
Validation of FISH probes in the clinical laboratory
FISH nomenclature
Summary
Glossary and definitions of the terminology used in this chapter and in ISH techniques
Acknowledgments
Chapter 22: Transmission electron microscopy
Tissue preparation for transmission electron microscopy
Specimen handling
Fixation
Wash buffer and staining
Dehydration
Embedding
Epoxy resins
Acrylic resins
Tissue processing schedules
Procedures for other tissue samples
Ultramicrotomy
Staining
Diagnostic applications
Renal disease
Malignant tumors
Non-neoplastic diseases
Acknowledgments
Chapter 23: Quantitative data from microscopic specimens
Introduction
Traditional approaches
Image analysis
Image analysis processes
Image analysis software
Specimen analysis
Specimen preparation for image analysis
Multispectral imaging
Appendices: Diagnostic Appendices
Appendix I: Classical histochemical methods
Appendix II: Applications of immunohistochemistry
Appendices: Technical Appendices
Appendix III: Measurement units
Appendix IV: Preparation of solutions
Appendix V: Buffer solutions
Appendix VI: Solubility of some common reagents and dyes
Appendix VII: Mounting media and slide coatings
Appendix VIII: Molecular pathology reagents
Staining methods index
Subject index
Copyright

is an imprint of Elsevier Limited
© 2013, Elsevier Limited. All rights reserved.
First edition 1977
Second edition 1982
Third edition 1990
Fourth edition 1996
Fifth edition 2002
Sixth edition 2008
The right of Dr. S. Kim Suvarna, Dr. Christopher Layton and Mr. John D. Bancroft to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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