Glossary of geographical and topographical terms and of words of frequent occurrence in the composition of such terms and place-names
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IS;coCOSTANFORD'S COMPENDIUMOFANDGEOGRAPHY TRAVEL(SUPPLEMENTARY VOLUME)PRINTED BYSPOTTISWOODE AND CO. NEW-STREETLTD., SQUARELONDONSTANFORD'SCOMPENDIUM OF GEOGRAPHY AND TRAVEL(SUPPLEMENTARY VOLUME)GLOSSAEY.OPGEOGRAPHICALANDTOPOGRAPHICAL TERMSAND OF WORDS OF OCCURRENCE IN THEFEEQUENTOF SUCH TERMS AND OFCOMPOSITIONPLACE-NAMESBYALEXANDER F.R.G.S.KNOX, B.A.,'A GUIDEAUTHOR OP TO KECENT LARGE-SCALE MAPS' ETC.EDWARDLONDON: STANFORD& LONG W.C.12, 13, 14, ACEE,190403K7IINTBODUCTIONTHE is the outcome of a series of notes takenGlossarya course of closelong geographical reading extendingduringand almost restricted to worksover some ten years, entirelywith extra countries. however,When,dealing -Europeanthe collection of terms to assumebegan fairly large propor-advisable to add similar terms for theit wastions, thoughtThis in the of thebrief,is, historyEuropean languages.the of which has involved a con-Glossary compilation verysiderable amount of from the collec-labour, apart altogethertion of the raw materials.In a work of this kind small errors will inevitablypioneerhowever care be taken to exclude them ;in, great maycreepin time be toerrors of too,judgment, may possibly broughtthe insertion of some few terms; eventuallylight may proveto have been while the exclusion of some otherssuperfluous,of the whole. Timebe to lessen the valuemay thoughttell.alone canin no for the or forway Glossary,Though responsiblesuch Dr. A. H. Keane has ...
Voir
IS
;co
CO STANFORD'S COMPENDIUM
OF
ANDGEOGRAPHY TRAVEL
(SUPPLEMENTARY VOLUME) PRINTED BY
SPOTTISWOODE AND CO. NEW-STREETLTD., SQUARE
LONDON STANFORD'S
COMPENDIUM OF GEOGRAPHY AND TRAVEL
(SUPPLEMENTARY VOLUME)
GLOSSAEY
.
OP
GEOGRAPHICAL
AND
TOPOGRAPHICAL TERMS
AND OF WORDS OF OCCURRENCE IN THEFEEQUENT
OF SUCH TERMS AND OFCOMPOSITION
PLACE-NAMES
BY
ALEXANDER F.R.G.S.KNOX, B.A.,
'A GUIDEAUTHOR OP TO KECENT LARGE-SCALE MAPS' ETC.
EDWARDLONDON: STANFORD
& LONG W.C.12, 13, 14, ACEE,
1904 03
K7I INTBODUCTION
THE is the outcome of a series of notes takenGlossary
a course of closelong geographical reading extendingduring
and almost restricted to worksover some ten years, entirely
with extra countries. however,When,dealing -European
the collection of terms to assumebegan fairly large propor-
advisable to add similar terms for theit wastions, thought
This in the of thebrief,is, historyEuropean languages.
the of which has involved a con-Glossary compilation very
siderable amount of from the collec-labour, apart altogether
tion of the raw materials.
In a work of this kind small errors will inevitablypioneer
however care be taken to exclude them ;in, great maycreep
in time be toerrors of too,judgment, may possibly brought
the insertion of some few terms
; eventuallylight may prove
to have been while the exclusion of some others
superfluous,
of the whole. Timebe to lessen the valuemay thought
tell.alone can
in no for the or forway Glossary,Though responsible
such Dr. A. H. Keane has notany errors, only very kindly
read the but has allowed the author to withoutdraw,proofs,
on his vast fund of and andstint, has,knowledge experience,
his both constructive andmoreover, criticism, destructive,by
value of the as aadded to the work matter; and,largely VI INTRODUCTION
of the in this introduction which deal withfact, paragraphs
the law of of inconsonants theinterchange Indo-European
of are from hisfamily languages pen.
The of the terms has been made to asconform,spelling
far as with the of the or code recom-possible, spirit system
mended the for theby Royal Geographical Society spelling
of This of considerablecode,place-names. though capable
in its been in use for somehas, form,improvement, present
and Continental Societies have formu-
years, Geographical
lated similar codes on the same lines but with modifications
to suit the in each instance. In the case oflanguage
written in Roman character the of thelanguages spelling
as recommended for noterms, place-names, undergoes
the terms remain as in thosechange; spelled languages.
But where is written otherwise than in Romanany language
or is not written at an to thecharacter, all, approximation
sounds intended to be is arrived at the use ofconveyed by
consonants and Italian vowels.English
asto this code or convention a isAccording pronounced
in e ei in i.e.father and have the force of a; crater,place,
are to the French e i is
e, e,they equivalent roughly pro-
nounced as in and the ee inravine, (asreplaces English
which is discarded o is as in the final o
;deep) pronounced
in or as in u as in flute is avolcano, ; true, ; y alwayspole
never a vowel as in isconsonant, ; qu replaced byquarry
k in andotherwise the sound of ouJew, ; mountain)by (as
ow in the o isis au or ao(as tower) ;replaced by simple
used for the sound and thus w is a con-ow in meadow) ;(as
sonant in the aiv i in iscombination ; (as mine)except
ai, Ch is as in church
;replaced by phalways pronounced
