Demolition , livre ebook

DEMOLITION: PRACTICES, TECHNOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT
DEMOLITION: PRACTICES, TECHNOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT
by Richard J. Diven and Mark shaurette
Purdue University Press West Lafayette, Indiana
Copyright 2010 by Richard J. Diven and Mark Shaurette. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
ISBN 978-1-55753-567-2
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Diven, Richard J., 1939-
Demolition : practices, technology, and management / by Richard J. Diven Mark Shaurette.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-55753-567-2
1. Wrecking. I. Shaurette, Mark, 1954- II. Title.
TH447.D58 2010
690 .26--dc22
2010014884
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE INDUSTRY
A. IT S NOT CONSTRUCTION
B. WHAT IS DEMOLITION?
C. BRIEF HISTORY OF DEMOLITION
D. STUDY QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 2. THE DEMOLITION CONTRACTOR
A. AS PRIME CONTRACTOR
B. AS SUBCONTRACTOR
C. WORK AREA-LOCAL-REGIONAL-NATIONWIDE
D. DEMOLITION PERSONNEL AND THEIR DUTIES
E. UNION AND NON-UNION LABOR RELATIONS
F. STUDY QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 3. MODERN DEMOLITION PRACTICES
A. INTRODUCTION
B. ANALYZING THE DEMOLITION PROJECT
C. PREPARATORY TASKS
D. MACHINE DEMOLITION
E. SELECTIVE DEMOLITION
F. HAND DEMOLITION
G. SALVAGE
H. HAZARDOUS MATERIAL MANAGEMENT
I. STUDY QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 4. TYPES OF DEMOLITION-BUILDING AND STRUCTURES
A. GENERAL
B. LOW-RISE COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL
C. HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES
D. FOUNDATIONS
E. BRIDGE DEMOLITION
F. INDUSTRIAL DEMOLITION
G. MARINE DEMOLITION
H. HISTORIC SALVAGING
I. SPECIAL STRUCTURES
J. DEMOLITION OF PRE-STRESSED AND POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
K. INTERIOR DEMOLITION
L. STUDY QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 5. DEMOLITION REGULATORY GUIDES
A. INTRODUCTION
B. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION (OSHA)
C. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI)
D. U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS SAFETY AND HEALTH REQUIREMENTS MANUAL, EM 385-1-1
E. CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS (CFR)
F. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
G. STATE AND LOCAL REGULATORY AUTHORITIES
H. STUDY QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 6. ESTIMATING-QUANTIFYING AND PRICING THE DEMOLITION PROJECT
A. INTRODUCTION
B. PREPARATORY ESTIMATING TASKS
C. THE DEMOLITION ESTIMATE
D. SAMPLE ESTIMATE FORMATS
E. COMMON ERRORS AND PITFALLS
F. STUDY QUESTIONS
G. APPENDIX
CHAPTER 7. CONTRACTS AND ACCOUNTING FOR THE DEMOLITION PROJECT
A. INTRODUCTION
B. LUMP SUM CONTRACTS
C. TIME AND MATERIAL CONTRACTS
D. GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
E. PROJECT OVERHEAD
F. DOCUMENTATION
G. STUDY QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 8. SAFETY ON A DEMOLITION PROJECT
A. INTRODUCTION
B. THE ROLE OF OSHA IN THE DEMOLITION INDUSTRY
C. EMPLOYEE TRAINING
D. DRUG AND ALCOHOL POLICY
E. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
F. JOBSITE SECURITY
G. STUDY QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 9. DEMOLITION EQUIPMENT
A. INTRODUCTION
B. PRIMARY HEAVY EQUIPMENT
C. SUPPORT EQUIPMENT
D. DEMOLITION TRUCKING
E. SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT
F. STUDY QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 10. MATERIAL HANDLING AND RECYCLING
A. INTRODUCTION
B. MATERIAL HANDLING AND SORTING
C. DEBRIS REMOVAL AND DISPOSAL
D. RECYCLING
E. RECYCLING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
F. SUSTAINABILITY AND THE FUTURE OF RECYCLING
G. MARKETING SALVAGE
H. STUDY QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 11. EXPLOSIVES IN DEMOLITION
A. INTRODUCTION
B. WHEN TO CONSIDER USING EXPLOSIVES
C. PREPARATIONS FOR USING EXPLOSIVES
D. IMPLOSION, THE SPECTACULAR USE OF EXPLOSIVES
E. EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION OF STEEL STRUCTURES
F. EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION OF FOUNDATIONS
G. EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION OF STACKS AND TOWERS
H. SPECIALIZED EXPLOSIVE USES
I. STUDY QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 12. DISASTER RESPONSE
A. INTRODUCTION
B. THE ROLE OF THE DEMOLITION CONTRACTOR
C. TRAINING
D. COORDINATION WITH OTHER RESPONDERS
E. STUDY QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 13. PROJECT MANAGEMENT
A. INTRODUCTION
B. PLANNING THE WORK
C. PROJECT START-UP
D. PROJECT ADMINISTRATION
E. CONTRACT CLOSE-OUT
F. SUMMARY
G. STUDY QUESTIONS
GLOSSARY OF TERMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS
INDEX
FOREWORD

Demolition is as old as mankind. Since ancient times, man has recycled his cities and towns, reusing materials, revitalizing his environment, saving what is important, preparing for the new.
The art and science of the demolition process can seem mysterious. Part magic, part engineering, it can be specific for every structure and locale. It can be labor-intensive or require state-of-the-art equipment specifically designed for demolition. It can involve delicate handwork or the crush of a wrecking ball. The equipment used by the modern demolition contractor is extremely sophisticated and very productive.
Demolition is multifaceted. It involves structural dismantlement, industrial recovery, salvage, recycling and reuse, implosion, specialized rigging, hazardous material handling, the management of toxic substances, disaster remediation, facilities decontamination, landfilling, project management, and general contracting.
Demolition requires knowledge of personnel, equipment, the nature of structures and architectural design, finance, real estate, recycling and salvage, occupational health and safety, environmental protection, site remediation, and project management. It is characterized by entrepreneurial spirits who love the process for its challenges.
The National Demolition Association (NDA) was founded in 1973 by forward-thinking demolition contractors interested in bringing professionalism to their industry. It has been in the forefront of representing the interests of everyone involved in the demolition process from the smallest demolition company to the Fortune 500 manufacturer of products and services for the industry.
This demolition textbook is the first attempt the NDA has ever made to produce a compendium of demolition means and methods in one volume. It is designed to educate future demolition contractors, estimators, project managers, superintendents, and foremen of the practical procedures used by the modern demolition entity. It also will provide the industry s client base of architects, engineers, scientists, developers, general contractors, and the like with a clear understanding of just how demolition is conducted in the twenty-first century.
The National Demolition Association has partnered with Purdue University s Department of Building Construction Management to meet the goals outlined in its mission of providing the tools necessary to be leaders in environmental stewardship, safety, education, professional competency and government advocacy. We are grateful to the authors of this textbook, Richard J. Diven and Mark Shaurette, as well as the many contributors from the demolition industry for their hard work and diligence to meet these goals.
We anticipate that as the demolition process evolves there will be many additions to this work. It is our greatest hope that this book establishes a clearer understanding of the demolition process and enhances the professionalism of its practitioners.

Michael R. Taylor, CAE Executive Director National Demolition Association February 1, 2010
PREFACE

The purpose of this textbook is to introduce engineers and managers to the basics of the demolition industry and to provide a reference guide to assist the inexperienced reader in understanding various facets of this very interesting business. Society is undergoing changes that will influence the future of demolition such as rebuilding our infrastructure and replacing buildings and structures originally built for technologies that have become obsolete.
As existing structures within the United States and Canada age, it is anticipated that opportunities in demolition and reconstruction will continue to expand. In a 2007 survey of owners responsible for facility construction and maintenance, the Construction Management Association of America (CMAA) outlined a set of seven challenges they believe will cause construction markets to change direction in the near future. The first challenge outlined indicated that Aging infrastructure in nearly every market segment is at or beyond its current useful life representing trillions of dollars in necessary spending over the next ten to twenty years to upgrade and replace these assets (D Agostino et al., 2007).
It is the authors opinion that few construction related fields offer as much opportunity for innovative thinking and career development as does the demolition industry.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The development and production of this textbook is the result of the contributions of a number of individuals who share the authors enthusiasm for the fascinating field of demolition.
This textbook would not be possible were it not for the funding and leadership that was provided by the National Demolition Association (NDA), its Education Committee, and the NDA Executive Director, Michael R. Taylor, CAE.
Bill Moore, NDA past president, contributed significantly, providing industry advice on content as well as numerous photographs used throughout the text.
Other individuals who made significant contributions to content and editing include National Demolition Association members Jerry Myrick and Robert Klotzbach and current NDA president Raymond Passeno, CIH. Also providing valuable content information were Carrie Taylor, Francis Stohosky, and Michael Allen.
Photographs were provided by individuals and organizations too numerous to list. The enhancements provided by their contribution of visual material are greatly appreciated.
Many thanks for the cooperation of the Purdue University Department of Building Construction Management and its department head, Robert F. Cox, PhD.
PUBLISHER NOTE

Estimating spreadsheets and other electronic materials useful to readers of this book can be found in a companion digital collection: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/demolition/
PHOTO CONTRIBUTION ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Kev