Order from chaos , livre ebook
257
pages
English
Ebooks
2006
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257
pages
English
Ebooks
2006
Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne En savoir plus
Publié par
Date de parution
30 janvier 2006
Nombre de lectures
0
EAN13
9781447342458
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
1 Mo
In the context of recent natural disasters and the increase of global terrorism, there is a need for a greater understanding of the psychosocial impact of such events on the individuals and communities involved. This understanding can also enhance the support offered to people sho have to face trauma in their individual lives. Those who provide such a response need to develop their skills in this area of work. They too need to feel that they are supported in their work. This revised and expanded edition of a highly successful book consolidates the core elements of good proctice while bringing theory and practice issues up to date. As with the first and second editions, this book can be used as a guide for best practice and as a resource for instant reference when staff are faced with responding to traumatic incidents. It also provides up-to-date case studies, drawing on the author's knowledge and experience and points the way for further, more specialised study. The book identifies core elements that are common to most traumatic events; discusses practical methods of intervention that are based on analysis of contemporary research and best practice in a multidisciplinary context; shows how the skills discussed can be transferred to individual clinical practice; addresses the needs of responders and the responsibility of organisations to provide a 'duty of care' for those who are exposed to trauma in their occupational roles and presents a modular programme of training, devised by the author, to prepare responders in the pre-crisis period. Order from chaos is essential reading for all those who are or may be involved in supporting those who are experiencing the impact of trauma in their lives. It is also an invaluable resource for trainers in the field, and for social work and health and social care students and their teachers.
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Publié par
Date de parution
30 janvier 2006
EAN13
9781447342458
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
1 Mo
Revised Third Edition
ORDER FROM CHAOS Responding to traumatic events
Marion Gibson
A BASW/Policy Press title
ORDER FROM CHAOS
Responding to traumatic events
Marion Gibson
Consultant editor: Jo Campling
Third edition
Preface
i
Order from chaos
First published in 1991 by Venture Press, 16 Kent Street, Birmingham B5 6RD This paperback edition published in Great Britain in January 2006 by PolicyPressNorthAmericanoffice: UniversityofBristolPolicyPress 1-9OldParkHillc/oTheUniversityofChicago Press1427East60thStreet BristolBS28BB Chicago,IL60637,USA UK t:+17737027700 t:+44(0)1179545940 f:+1773-702-9756 e:pp-info@bristol.ac.uk e:sales@press.uchicago.edu www.policypress.co.uk www.press.uchicago.edu © Marion Gibson 2006
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested. ISBNDFEP8524473441879 A hardcover version of this book is also available. The right of Marion Gibson to be identified as the author of this work hasbeen asserted by her in accordance with the 1988 Copyright, Designs andPatents Act. All rights reserved: no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of The Policy Press. The statements and opinions contained within this publication are solely those of the author and not of The University of Bristol or The Policy Press. The University of Bristol and The Policy Press disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any material published in this publication. The Policy Press works to counter discrimination on grounds of gender, race, disability, age and sexuality. Cover design by Qube Design Associates, Bristol.
ii
Dedicated to the past, the present and the future… THE PAST To the memory of my husband Tom, who taught me to live one day at a time, and to live each day as if it was my last. THE PRESENT To Paul and Gayle, who provide me with constant love and support. THE FUTURE To my precious grandsons Leon and Max, who are the future, with my hope that they will grow up in a more peaceful world, and see the challenges of life as opportunities.
Modular training programme for responders
Responders: research into the impact of their work
Responding to psychosocial reactions
207
215 231 233
The injured and their relatives
Bibliography Appendix Index
Preface
v
105
List of tables and figures Foreword Preface Acknowledgements Notes on the author
Disasters
one
seven
Order from chaos
ten
four
Responders and the process of responding
The bereaved
thirteenThe challenge of bringing order from chaos
181
195
eleven
twelve
six
five
Psychosocial reactions in traumatic incidents
two
149
131
117
eight
nine
three
The response of systems to traumatic events
9
1
vi vii ix xiii xvi
Theoretical approaches to responding
Contents
Crisis situations associated with children
73
51
87
35
Order from chaos
Tables
List of tables and figures
2.1 Elements in disaster 10.1 Key factors for various faiths 10.2 Uses of a helpline 11.1 Sampling relationship for the two groups 11.2 Physical and psychological reactions of responders dealing with traumatic events 12.1 Impact of secondary traumatic stress on professional functioning
Figures
1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1 2.2 3.1 3.2 3.3
3.4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 12.1
vi
Geographical spread of Asian tsunami Time as a continuum associated with a crisis The trauma cycle: the opportunity for growth Kegworth: an example of the ripple effect following a disaster 9/11 disaster The continuum of psychological rehabilitation T diagram PTSD IV: PostTraumatic Stress Disorder and associated syndromes The ICD10 Classification of PTSD Normal and pathological phases of poststress response Psychosocial framework for understanding PTSD Responders as hidden victims The personal impact of secondary traumatic stress Threestage model ‘Leaky sac’ Stage 1 ‘Leaky sac’ Stage 2 Stage 3: PTSD or the ‘Concrete Box Stage’ The core module
14 168 177 189 191
196
1 4 6 24 28 35 36 44
45 62 64 68 70 142 142 142 143 200
Preface
Foreword
The trouble with disasters is that they are just too big.Whether person made or due to ‘Acts of God’, we are all dwarfed by them. Suddenly, without hindrance, the ordered course of our existence is laid to waste, a great swathe is cut through places, people and the communities they serve. The effects spread out like ripples far beyond the point of impact. Victims, injured, survivors, bereaved families, onlookers, friends and neighbours, helpers and professional caregivers, and whole communities are caught up in the turmoil of events whose effects will be felt by generations yet unborn. Disasters are the stuff of history and nightmares. Life, in their vicinity, will never be the same again. Faced with the massive human misery that is the inevitable consequence of a disaster, we can be forgiven if we recoil. However much we care, there is so little we can do that we are tempted to do nothing at all; we back away shocked and appalled. How can we possibly cope with all the chaos that has been unleashed? Disasters cause some to lose and others to use their heads. One is reminded of the notice which was distributed in London during the blitzkrieg– ‘If don’t lose your head,an incendiary bomb falls near you, put it in a bucket and cover it with sand.’ Marion Gibson has provided us with a bucket of sand with which we can dampen down the flames of disaster.Thus armed, we have less need to panic or to hide. The book enables us to ‘partialise’ the chaos into bitesized chunks that ordinary mortals can digest. With a knowledge that is based on personal experience, common sense and wide reading, Marion Gibson outlines the plans, the training and the techniques that can be used by members of the caring professions and by volunteer counsellors to bring order out of chaos, and to increase the probability that the changes that are inevitable in the aftermath, instead of adding to the damage, will lead to personal, social and spiritual growth. She accomplishes this in a matteroffact way that plays down rather than inflates the sentiment, the drama, which attracts journalists, onlookers and many helpers to a disaster area and can easily produce an unbalanced and emotiondriven response. The concepts of helping following a major disaster are integrated into a discussion on the everyday personal disasters faced by many people. This discussion widens the appeal of the book and brings
vii
Order from chaos
home its relevance to the common disasters that receive less public attention than the largerscale but rarer ones. Since the second edition of this book was published, the author has added to her knowledge of disasters, the result of her work in the wake of 9/11, the Boxing Day tsunami in the Indian Ocean and, most recent, the terror ist bombs in London on 7 July 2005. These experiences have enabled her research into the training needs of responders to develop a modular programme, which can be adapted for professional groups, voluntary organisations, emergency services, management and family members of those who may be traumatised by their work. Colin Murray Parkes, MD FRCPsych.
viii
Ted
Preface
Preface
Ted, the elderly man sitting in the corner of the day room in the geriatric unit, stared at the television.The early afternoon programme was a cowboy film. The patients, who were able to follow the story, cheered as the cavalry rushed to the aid of those trapped in the besieged fort. The battle raged and then there was a loud explosion. At this point, Ted became agitated and curled up into the foetal position covering his head with his hands and moaning in a distressed way. Any attempts to comfort him were roughly rebuffed as an intrusion into his distressed world. Further approaches made his rejection more forceful and he hit out. He was helped to his bed and given sedation to calm his agitation. His eyes appeared to express intense fear as he scanned his frightening world, a world to which he had been transported by the sound of the explosion. One of his fellow patients watched with a mixture of curiosity and sympathy, and commented ‘shellshock’. Ted’s tortured face relaxed with the sedation, and his eyes became less furtive. What visions of the hell had he recaptured from his war experiences as a young soldier? The film had prompted his journey back to his memories through the stimuli of sound. How many years had it been since he had stood on the fields of France and watched his friends being blown to pieces by the impact of a bomb? How many times had reminders of such events caused him to relive his nightmares? Ted came from an era where such reactions were common in returning soldiers, and accepted by family and fr iends as an inevitable consequence of their experiences.
Michael
In 1979, in the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, a young man was transferred into the orthopaedic ward from the intensive care unit. Six days earlier, he had been caught by a terrorist bomb as he walked into the bus station. As the weeks went by, his multiple fractures began to heal and he began to walk again as the result of a painful rehabilitation process. He remained reluctant to talk about his experiences. It was as if he needed to reserve all his strength to make his body whole again. He wanted to remain brave for his wife and young children.
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