Housing the New Russia , livre ebook

261

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English

Ebooks

2012

Écrit par
R. Zavisca Jane

Publié par
Cornell University Press

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261

pages

English

Ebooks

2012

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Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne En savoir plus

Publié par

Cornell University Press

Date de parution

15 mai 2012

Nombre de lectures

EAN13

9780801464300

Langue

English

Poids de l'ouvrage

3 Mo

In Housing the New Russia, Jane R. Zavisca examines Russia's attempts to transition from a socialist vision of housing, in which the government promised a separate, state-owned apartment for every family, to a market-based and mortgage-dependent model of home ownership. In 1992, the post-Soviet Russian government signed an agreement with the United States to create the Russian housing market. The vision of an American-style market guided housing policy over the next two decades. Privatization gave socialist housing to existing occupants, creating a nation of homeowners overnight. New financial institutions, modeled on the American mortgage system, laid the foundation for a market. Next the state tried to stimulate mortgages-and reverse the declining birth rate, another major concern-by subsidizing loans for young families.Imported housing institutions, however, failed to resonate with local conceptions of ownership, property, and rights. Most Russians reject mortgages, which they call "debt bondage," as an unjust "overpayment" for a good they consider to be a basic right. Instead of stimulating homeownership, privatization, combined with high prices and limited credit, created a system of "property without markets." Frustrated aspirations and unjustified inequality led most Russians to call for a government-controlled housing market. Under the Soviet system, residents retained lifelong tenancy rights, perceiving the apartments they inhabited as their own. In the wake of privatization, young Russians can no longer count on the state to provide their house, nor can they afford to buy a home with wages, forcing many to live with extended family well into adulthood. Zavisca shows that the contradictions of housing policy are a significant factor in Russia's falling birth rates and the apparent failure of its pronatalist policies. These consequences further stack the deck against the likelihood that an affordable housing market will take off in the near future.

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Publié par

Cornell University Press

Date de parution

15 mai 2012

Nombre de lectures

EAN13

9780801464300

Langue

English

Poids de l'ouvrage

3 Mo

HOUSINGTHE NEW RUSSIA

HOUSING THENEW RUSSIA

J a n e R . Z av i s c a

CORNELL UNIVERSITY PRESS Ithaca and London

All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850.

First published 2012 by Cornell University Press

First printing, Cornell Paperbacks, 2012

Printed in the United States of America

Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data Zavisca, Jane R. (Jane Roj), 1972– Housing the new Russia / Jane R. Zavisca. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 9780801450372 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 9780801477379 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Housing—Russia (Federation) 2. Housing policy— Russia (Federation) 3. Residential real estate—Russia (Federation) 4. Postcommunism—Social aspects— Russia (Federation) 5. Russia (Federation)—Social conditions—1991– I. Title. HD7345.2.A3Z38 2012 363.50947—dc23 2011047164

Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possibleinthepublishingofitsbooks.Suchmaterialsinclude vegetablebased, lowVOC inks and acidfree papers that are recycled, totally chlorinefree, or partly composed of nonwood fibers. For further information, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu.

Cloth printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Paperback printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

For my family

Co nt e nt s

List of Figures and Tables ix Acknowledgments xi Abbreviations xiii Note on Translation and Russian Names xv

Introduction: A Painful Question

Pa rt I : Th e D e ve lo p m e nt o f t h e Po s tS ov i e t H o u s i n g R e g i m e 1.The Soviet Promise: A Separate Apartment for Every Family 2.The AmericanTransplant Failure: Housing Model in Russia 3.Maternity Capitalism: Grafting Pronatalism onto Housing Policy 4.Property without Markets: Who Got What as Markets Failed Pa rt I I : Th e M e a n i n g o f H o u s i n g i n t h e N e w R u s s i a 5.Disappointed Dreams: Distributive Injustice in the New Housing Order 6.Mobility Strategies: Searching for the Separate Apartment 7.How HousingRooms of Their Own: Affects Family Size 8.Children Are Not Capital: Ambivalence about Pronatalist Housing Policies

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viiiCONT E NTS

9.Why RussiansNot to Own: To Owe Is Reject Mortgages Conclusion: A Market That Could Not Emerge

Appendix: Characteristics of Interviewees Cited in Text202 Notes 207 Works Cited 219 Index 237

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F i g u r e s a n d Ta b l e s

FI G U R E S I.1 Residential buildings in Kaluga I.2 Khrushchevka exterior I.3 Trends in housing construction and prices 1.1 Multiuse room in a Soviet apartment 1.2 PostSoviet multiuse room in the Soviet style 2.1 Luxury apartment building in Kaluga 2.2 Index of housing affordability 2.3 New mortgage lending 3.1 Mortgage affordability with and without maternity capital 4.1 Renovated kitchens 4.2 Housing tenure by age 4.3 Housing tenure by family structure and income 5.1 Room shared by a couple and their child 5.2 Grandmother in kitchen shared with daughterinlaw 5.3 Room in a separate apartment 5.4 Detached luxury home 6.1 Prototypical property network 7.1 Children’s rooms 7.2 Number of children by housing type and education 9.1 Soviet and postSoviet apartment buildings

Ta b l e s I.1 Description of qualitative sample I.2 Kaluga oblast compared to other regions of Russia 1.1 Correlates of housing status in the urban USSR 1.2 Odds of having a separate apartment in the USSR 4.1 Trends in housing inequality 4.2 Housing quality by income quintile

17 17 18 31 32 55 56 59 83 90 91 96 108 109 110 116 137 155 159 185

15 16 38 40 89 95

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