Ground Down by Growth , livre ebook

Ground Down by Growth
Anthropology, Culture and Society
Series Editors:
Jamie Cross, University of Edinburgh, Christina Garsten, Stockholm University and Joshua O. Reno, Binghamton University
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Ground Down by Growth
Tribe, Caste, Class and Inequality in Twenty-first-century India
Alpa Shah, Jens Lerche, Richard Axelby, Dalel Benbabaali, Brendan Donegan, Jayaseelan Raj and Vikramaditya Thakur
First published 2018 by Pluto Press
345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA
www.plutobooks.com
Copyright Alpa Shah, Jens Lerche, Richard Axelby, Dalel Benbabaali, Brendan Donegan, Jayaseelan Raj and Vikramaditya Thakur 2018
Where possible acknowledge all authors in citations. Otherwise, please refer to the book as Shah and Lerche et al.
The right of Alpa Shah, Jens Lerche, Richard Axelby, Dalel Benbabaali, Brendan Donegan, Jayaseelan Raj and Vikramaditya Thakur to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978 0 7453 3769 2 Hardback
ISBN 978 0 7453 3768 5 Paperback
ISBN 978 1 7868 0204 0 PDF eBook
ISBN 978 1 7868 0206 4 Kindle eBook
ISBN 978 1 7868 0205 7 EPUB eBook





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Contents
List of Illustrations
Series Preface
Preface
Alpa Shah and Jens Lerche
1 Tribe, Caste and Class - New Mechanisms of Exploitation and Oppression
Alpa Shah and Jens Lerche
2 Macro-Economic Aspects of Inequality and Poverty in India
K.P. Kannan
3 Tea Belts of the Western Ghats, Kerala
Jayaseelan Raj
4 Cuddalore, Chemical Industrial Estate, Tamil Nadu
Brendan Donegan
5 Bhadrachalam Scheduled Area, Telangana
Dalel Benbabaali
6 Chamba Valley, Himalaya, Himachal Pradesh
Richard Axelby
7 Narmada Valley and Adjoining Plains, Maharashtra
Vikramaditya Thakur
8 The Struggles Ahead
Alpa Shah and Jens Lerche
Appendix: Tables and Figures
Notes
Bibliography
Acknowledgements
Index
List of Illustrations
PHOTOGRAPHS
1 Hill Valley estate in the Western Ghats, Kerala
2 Dalit tea pluckers bringing their day s harvest in for weighing
3 Adivasi migrant labour returning to Jharkhand, waiting at a bus stop
4 Dalit women tea worker s strike
5 SIPCOT Industrial Estate, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu
6 Dalit woman by Dalit houses built through the government scheme
7 Anti-pollution activists in the SIPCOT Industrial Estate near Melpuram, Tamil Nadu
8 Rao s village mansion, Bhadrachalam
9 Koya permanent Indian Tobacco Company employee s mother
10 Koya, Lambada and Madiga women plucking cotton on Kamma land
11 CPI(ML)-New Democracy s organised protest for house sites
12 A slice of the Himalayan Saal valley showing Badagaon (bottom) and forests and pastures (top)
13 A Gaddi shepherd and flock
14 Gaddis at work building roads
15 Bhils farming in the hills near the banks of the Narmada River
16 Boats of seasonal migrants crossing from Maharashtra to go to the sugar cane fields in Gujarat
17 Migrant colony of Bhil sugar cane cutters
FIGURES
2.1 Poverty and poverty reduction by social group
3.1 Occupations of men by caste group, Hill Valley estate, Kerala
3.2 Occupations of women by caste group, Hill Valley estate, Kerala
3.3 Years of schooling of men by caste group, Hill Valley estate, Kerala
3.4 Years of schooling of women by caste group, Hill Valley estate, Kerala
4.1 Occupations of men by caste and tribe, Melpuram, Tamil Nadu
4.2 Occupations of women by caste and tribe, Melpuram, Tamil Nadu
4.3 Years of schooling of men by caste and tribe, Melpuram, Tamil Nadu
4.4 Years of schooling of women by caste and tribe, Melpuram, Tamil Nadu
5.1 Occupations of men by caste and tribe in a Bhadrachalam village, Telangana
5.2 Occupations of women by caste and tribe, in a Bhadrachalam village, Telangana
5.3 Years of schooling of women by caste and tribe, in a Bhadrachalam village, Telangana
5.4 Years of schooling of women by caste and tribe, in a Bhadrachalam village, Telangana
6.1 Occupations of men by community, Badagaon, Himachal Pradesh
6.2 Occupations of women by community, Badagaon, Himachal Pradesh
6.3 Years of schooling of men by community, Badagaon, Himachal Pradesh
6.4 Years of schooling of women by community, Badagaon, Himachal Pradesh
7.1 Occupations of Gujar and Bhil (Adivasi) men of three Nandurbar villages, Maharashtra
7.2 Occupations of Gujar and Bhil (Adivasi) women of three Nandurbar villages, Maharashtra
7.3 Years of schooling of Gujar and Bhil (Adivasi) men of three Nandurbar villages, Maharashtra
7.4 Years of schooling of Gujar and Bhil (Adivasi) women of three Nandurbar villages, Maharashtra
MAP
India, showing our field sites and main migration patterns
TABLES
2.1 Percentage distribution of population by poverty status and social groups, 2004-05 and 2009-10
2.2 A trickle-down process? The pace of poverty reduction in relation to economic growth 1999-2000 to 2009-10
2.3 Multidimensional poverty among India s social groups and states in a comparative perspective
2.4 Percentage distribution of population in specific educational categories by poverty status and social group, 2004-05
2.5 State-wise incidence of poverty and vulnerability by social group
2.6 Social-cum-regional-cum-gender inequality in long-term poverty: incidence of malnutrition (chronic energy deficiency) among women, 2005-06
3.1 Types of contracts of tea plantation workers, Hill Valley estate, Kerala
3.2 Relationship between education and occupation, Hill Valley estate, Kerala: occupational categories for each educational group, caste-wise (%)
3.3 Ten case histories of tea worker households, Hill Valley estate, Kerala
3.4 Caste-wise distribution of skilled/semi-skilled jobs, Hill Valley estate, Kerala
4.1 Relationship between education and occupation, Melpuram, Tamil Nadu: occupational categories for each educational group, by caste and tribe (%)
5.1 Population and landholding profile of a Bhadrachalam village, Telangana, by caste and tribe
5.2 Distribution of landownership by caste and tribe (%) in a Bhadrachalam village, Telangana
6.1 Distribution of landownership by community, Badagaon, Himachal Pradesh (%)
6.2 Average number of years schooling by community, age-range and gender, Badagaon, Himachal Pradesh
6.3 Relationship between education and occupation, Badagaon, Himachal Pradesh: occupational categories for each educational group, community-wise (%)
6.4 Schooling of Gujjars by generation, Badagaon, Himachal Pradesh
6.5 Differentiation within the Gujjar and Gaddi communities, Badagaon, Himachal Pradesh
7.1 Numbers of Bhil (Adivasi) households that have invested in allied activities, three Nandurbar villages, Maharashtra
7.2 Average household income and expenditure from agriculture for Gujars and Bhils (Adivasi) of three Nandurbar villages, Maharashtra
Series Preface
As people around the world confront the inequality and injustice of new forms of oppression, as well as the impacts of human life on planetary ecosystems, this book series asks what anthropology can cont