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2012
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Publié par
Date de parution
15 novembre 2012
Nombre de lectures
0
EAN13
9781783165513
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
1 Mo
This is a unique and timely survey of the evolving priorities of the British welfare state since its inception in the late 1940s, with an emphasis on how current and future aims and features of welfare provision compare with the ambitions of its original architects. In this book, 15 commentators, including prominent academic experts in the field, and also members of think tanks, charities and campaigning organisations - with a foreword by the BBC's Huw Edwards, explore themes such as health, education, housing, gender, disability and ethnic diversity. The result of this study is a rich, critical and thought-provoking exploration of the legacy and prospects of the welfare state - worth reading by anyone with an interest in debates on how a modern society should meet the needs of its citizens.
Publié par
Date de parution
15 novembre 2012
Nombre de lectures
0
EAN13
9781783165513
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
1 Mo
Changing Directions of the British Welfare State
Changing Directions of the British Welfare State
Edited by
Gideon Calder, Jeremy Gass
and Kirsten Merrill-Glover
The Contributors, 2012
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright owner except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Applications for the copyright owner s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the University of Wales Press, 10 Columbus Walk, Brigantine Place, Cardiff CF10 4UP.
www.uwp.co.uk
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-0-7083-2546-9
e-ISBN 978-1-78316-551-3
The right of the Contributors to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 79 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
FOREWORD
Huw Edwards
I was delighted when approached by the University of Wales, Newport to write a foreword to this publication. The welfare state is something that the British public has always been proud of and, indeed, it has been the envy of other countries throughout the world.
In 1942, William Beveridge (1879-1963) published his report on the way forward for Britain after the Second World War. Beveridge s report identified five giant evils that were prevalent at that time - Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor and Idleness. These are addressed in the first part of the book. The year 1945 brought about a tremendous change in government policy when Winston Churchill s Conservative Party was defeated by a Labour Party headed by Clement Attlee. In 1948, Beveridge s welfare state was established with the key elements of social security; health; housing; education and social services (welfare and children). What a tremendous legacy for both Beveridge and Attlee, and, of course, Aneurin Bevan (minister of health at that time) who was tasked with the operational details.
For more than sixty years you and I have benefited from living in a welfare state. In that period of time other challenges have evolved in areas such as gender, ethnicity, disability, devolution and the start and end of life. These are debated in the second part of this publication.
Alongside this publication, the university organised a series of public lectures and debates, various film projects, and at the heart of the project was a website providing a forum for the sharing of views, perceptions and for critical debate.
I am sure that this publication will provide an excellent reference on a wide-ranging and accessible set of reflections on the past, present and future of welfare provision in Britain.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The editors would like to thank the contributors to this book for their commitment to it amid the usual array of hurdles and distractions - and some tricky personal challenges. We would also like to thank our colleagues on the Welfare State 2008 project, and all of those who contributed to its vibrancy in one way or another, via submissions to the website, contributions to events or encouraging it along in other ways. We owe particular gratitude to Matthew Evans for the energy he invested in the project during his time at the Community University of the Valleys (East), and to Scott Hazell for his invaluable work on the IT side.
Gideon Calder dedicates his share of the book to the memory of his father Angus, who was born in the year of the Beveridge Report, died a month before the sixtieth anniversary of the National Health Service, and whose writings, in different ways and registers, echo many of this book s concerns.
Jeremy Gass dedicates his share of the book to Katrina, who was born in the year of the National Health Act, and their daughter Beth, one of Thatcher s children , both of whom work in different ways for social justice and women s rights.
Kirsten Merrill-Glover dedicates her share of the book to the memory of her brother Karl, a proponent and defender of welfare service provision, and to her sons Nye and Billy whose generation holds the future of the British welfare state.
CONTENTS
Foreword
Huw Edwards
Acknowledgements
List of figures and tables
Notes on contributors
Introduction
Gideon Calder, Jeremy Gass and Kirsten Merrill-Glover
Timeline
Part 1: The five giants
1. W ANT : What the British people desire : the rise and fall of insurance-based social security
Peter Kenway
2. D ISEASE : Social democracy, health inequalities and the welfare state
Michael Sullivan
3. I GNORANCE : Combating ignorance: education, social opportunity and citizenship in Wales
Gareth Rees
4. S QUALOR : Shifting boundaries: people, homes and the state since 1945
John Puzey
5. I DLENESS : No longer a problem of industry ? Principles, practice and policy in the early twenty-first century
David Byrne
Part 2: Five challenges
6. G ENDER : Continuity and change: gender and welfare
Sandra Shaw
7. R ACE : A very British welfare state? Race and racism
Charlotte Williams
8. D ISABILITY : What rights for disabled people in a welfare state? Need-fulfilment versus identity-assertion and the problem of dependency
Steven R. Smith
9. D EVOLUTION : Devolution and the welfare state: the case of Wales
Mark Drakeford
10. T HE START AND END OF LIFE
Part 1: The welfare of children since 1948
Ian Butler
Part 2: The welfare of older people since 1948
Liz Lloyd
Conclusions: Taking Stock
Victoria Winckler
References
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Figures
1.1 Real value of selected National Insurance benefits and family allowance, 1948 to 2010
1.2 Real value of selected national assistance benefits and the state retirement pension, 1948 to 2010
1.3 The proportions of children, pensioners and other adults in poverty since 1961
Tables
1.1 Requirements for adults of working age, and retired persons (at 1938 prices) (Beveridge, 1942: paras 222 and 225, tables IX and X)
1.2 Rates of benefit per week in the 1942 report and the 1946 Act (Beveridge, 1942: para. 401; Owen, 1948: para. 11, p. 10)
1.3 People in households below low-income thresholds, 1961 to 1963
NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS
Ian Butler is a qualified social worker. Formerly Professor of Social Work at Keele University and Visiting Professor in the Department of Child Health at the University of Wales College of Medicine, he is Professor of Social Work at Bath University. In 2005, he was seconded to the Welsh Assembly Government where he was a special advisor to the first minister until 2012. He is an Honorary Member of the Council of the NSPCC and was elected to the Academy of Social Sciences in 2004. In 2009, he was appointed to the Board of Cafcass (England). He has published widely on social work policy and practice with children and families.
David Byrne is Professor of Sociology and Social Policy at Durham University. His main interests include methods for understanding complex systems, and the nature of post-industrial societies. Among his publications are Social Exclusion (2nd edn, Open University Press, 2005), and, edited with Charles Ragin, The Sage Handbook of Case Based Methods (Sage, 2009).
Gideon Calder is Reader in Ethics and Social Philosophy at University of Wales, Newport and Director of the Newport Social Ethics Research Group. He has a special interest in the application of social, ethical and political theory to issues of pressing contemporary social concern - and recent published work has addressed a range of such contexts, including environmental politics, citizenship, the normative justification of European Union institutions and the ethics of sporting boycotts. He is currently president of the UK Association for Legal and Social Philosophy.
Mark Drakeford is Assembly Member for Cardiff West. Previously he was Professor of Social Policy and Applied Social Sciences at Cardiff University. Between 2000 and 2009 he was the Cabinet s special adviser on health and social policy at the Welsh government.
Jeremy Gass is a visiting lecturer at the University of Wales, Newport, where he was formerly Head of Community Learning. Previously, he was a social worker and welfare rights worker before becoming a tutor/organiser with the Workers Educational Association in south Wales. He has recently completed doctoral research in adult education and active citizenship.
Peter Kenway is Director and co-founder of the New Policy Institute (NPI), an independent think tank focusing on evidence-based analysis of social justice issues. Formerly an economist at the University of Reading, he has also worked as a manager, consultant and planner in public transport. Recent work by the NPI has included a 2011 report produced with the Bevan Foundation and the Equalities and Human Rights Commission, bringing together data on inequalities between different groups, and how these inequalities differ between England and Wales.
Liz Lloyd is Senior Lecturer in Social Gerontology at the School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol. She is an experienced higher education teacher and researcher in gerontology and social care policies and practices. Her research and publications reflect her particular interest in the end of life in old age and the role of care. Prior to taking up academic work, Liz was a community worker and maintains an active interest in voluntary sector management.
Kirsten Merrill-Glover is Head of Community Learning within the University of Wales, Newport s Centre for Community and Lifelong Learning, having previously worked as a community-based senior lecturer in psychology and a curriculum development officer. Prior to joining the university she taught both sociology and psy
