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2024
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510
pages
English
Ebooks
2024
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Publié par
Date de parution
19 décembre 2024
Nombre de lectures
5
EAN13
9782759836703
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
5 Mo
The vascular plants distributed in Central Asia comprehensive and systematic are recorded in this book. Families are arranged systematically, but genera and species are arranged in alphabetical order. The classification for lycophytes and ferns, gymnosperm and angiosperm were based on PPG I (2016), Christenhusz et al. (2011) and APG IV (2016), respectively. The family, genus, Latin name, important synonym and distributed country in Central Asia were recorded for each species. The original data of this book was based on the botanical records, floras and checklists published in five Central Asia countries. All the data were cleaned according the latest research progress in taxonomy and systematics. In total, 9643 vascular taxa (248 subspecies and 68 varieties) belonging to 1198 genera and 139 families were recorded in Central Asia, including 70 taxa of lycophytes and ferns, 36 taxa of gymnosperm, and 9537 taxa of angiosperm. The book also includes some introduced species (*) and species of doubtful distribution (?).
Publié par
Date de parution
19 décembre 2024
EAN13
9782759836703
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
5 Mo
Current Natural Sciences
WenjunLIandKomiljonSh.TOJIBAEV
M ap pi ng A s i a P l a n t s E d i t o r i n c h i e f : K e p i n g M A
ChecklistofVascularPlants
inCentralAsia
M a p p i n g A s i a P l a n t s
ISBN : 978-2-7598-3669-7
9 782759 836697
Current Natural Sciences
Checklist of Vascular Plants in Central Asia
Wenjun LI and Komiljon Sh. TOJIBAEV
The vascular plants distributed in Central Asia comprehensive and systematic are recorded in this book. Families are arranged systematically, but genera and species are arranged in alphabetical order. The classification for lycophytes and ferns, gymnosperm and angiosperm were based on PPG I (2016), Christenhusz et al. (2011) and APG IV (2016), respectively. The family, genus, Latin name, important synonym and distributed country in Central Asia were recorded for each species. The original data of this book was based on the botanical records, floras and checklists published in five Central Asia countries. All the data were cleaned according the latest research progress in taxonomy and systematics.
In total, 9643 vascular taxa (248 subspecies and 68 varieties) belonging to 1198 genera and 139 families were recorded in Central Asia, including 70 taxa of lycophytes and ferns, 36 taxa of gymnosperm, and 9537 taxa of angiosperm. The book also includes some introduced species (*) and species of doubtful distribution (?).
Wenjun Li is a researcher at the National Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences.Komiljon Sh. Tojibaevan academician of the is Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Director General of the Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. They are interested in the taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of plant in Central Asia.
www.edpsciences.org
Current Natural Sciences
Mapping Asia Plants Editor in chief: Keping MA
Wenjun LI and Komiljon Sh. TOJIBAEV
Checklist of Vascular Plants in Central Asia
Mapping Asia Plant
Keping MA Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
Checklist of Vascular Plants in Central Asia
1 2 Wenjun LI and Komiljon Sh. TOJIBAEV 1 Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China 2 Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100125, Uzbekistan
Photographer of the two illustrations on front and back covers: Wenjun Li.
Printed in France
EDP Sciences–ISBN(print): 9782759836697–ISBN(ebook): 9782759836703 DOI: 10.1051/9782759836697
All rights relative to translation, adaptation and reproduction by any means whatsoever are reserved, worldwide. In accordance with the terms of paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 41 of the French Act dated March 11, 1957,“copies or reproductions reserved strictly for private use and not intended for collective use”and, on the other hand, analyses and short quotations for example or illustrative purposes, are allowed. Otherwise,“any representation or reproduction–whether in full or in part–without the consent of the author or of his successors or assigns, is unlawful”(Article 40, paragraph 1). Any representation or reproduction, by any means whatsoever, will therefore be deemed an infringement of copyright punishable under Articles 425 and following of the French Penal Code.
The printed edition is not for sale in Chinese mainland.
Science Press, EDP Sciences, 2024
PrologueBiodiversity is deteriorating worldwide. According to the United Nations Environment Programme, biodiversity loss, alongside climate change and pollution, represents one of three major global crises. The 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity adopted the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, which sets goals and targets for the next decade and 2050 to ensure that biodiversity loss is reversed. Understanding biodiversity is the first prerequisite for biodiversity research and conservation. The advancement of biodiversity informatics, biodiversity distribution data provides a robust support for biodiversity research and conservation. It notably facilitates the study of large-scale biodiversity patterns, conservation planning, biodiversity response to global change, and the prediction of invasive alien species dispersal. Creating a species checklist is the primary task in understanding biodiversity spatial-temporal patterns and a critial first step in the field of biodiversity informatics. It is essential for biodiversity conservation, research, management, monitoring and sustainable use. Additionally, the number of native and exotic species serves as a crucial statistical indicator of a country’s biodiversity. Asia is one of the richest continents in terms of biodiversity. With its myriad ecosystems and climatic zones, Asia stands as a global hotspot for plant diversity. The continent boasts an awe-inspiring array of flora, encompassing a wide spectrum of life forms, from the smallest mosses to the towering trees, and from delicate wildflowers to robust grasses. The variety of plant species in Asia reflects the continent’s geographic expanse and the complex interplay of ecological, geological, and climatic factors. However, plant cataloguing and the availability of occurrence data in Asia remain inadequate. In response to this, Mapping Asia Plants (MAP) was initiated at the Working Group Meeting of the Asia Biodiversity Conservation and Database Network (ABCDNet) in November 2015, organized by the Biodiversity Committee, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). MAP aims to establish an online data platform for Asian botanical information, providing comprehensive foundational knowledge and an interdisciplinary data mining environment for the conservation and research of Asian plant diversity. The first step of MAP is to establish a database on the inventory and distribution of plant species in Asia and to develop an online platform for data management and mining. The plant species checklists and their distribution database are the cores of MAP at its current stage. The main sources inculde: 1. Floras, plant checklists and related publications; 2. Plant distribution maps; 3. Plant specimens, including photographs of plants with reliable identification; 4. Vegetation survey plots; 5. Plant investigation data; 6. Plant observation data, including data published by plant enthusiasts and parataxonomists; 7. Digitized online datasets. Through cooperation with experts from many Asian countries and beyond, MAP overcame multiple language barriers, compiled research progress on plant diversity in Asia, integrated the floras and checklists, and established a database of Asian plant species. A series of plant species checklists have been completed and will be gradually released. According to our current research progress, there are 435 families, 6,838 genera and about 119,000 species (excluding subspecies) in Asia. Based on the plant species
ii Checklist of Vascular Plants in Central Asia checklists, a comprehensive data platform will be further developed to support research on plant ecology, evolutionary botany, plant geography, conservation biology and global change biology. It is also planned to create a data clearing and mining kit and an analysis platform for plant species distribution maps, plant diversity distribution maps, the revision of plant names and species distribution models. For a plant species checklist developed based on multiple sources, it is essential to perform taxonomic cleaning against a standard global plant checklist. Several global species checklists created by taxonomists are available for this purpose, such as Leipzig Catalogue of Vascular Plants, the World Checklist of Vascular Plants, World Flora Online (successor of The Plant List, TPL), World Plants and Catalogue of Life (CoL). In this series of checklists, we present a meticulous compilation of plant species, organized taxonomically into families, genera, and species, with additional details on subspecies and varieties where applicable. The aim is to provide researchers, botanists, conservationists, and enthusiasts with a valuable resource for understanding and appreciating the remarkable flora of the Asian continent. The MAP series presents the first-ever Asian catalogue for liverworts (Marchantiophyta), hornworts (Anthocerotophyta) and mosses (Bryophyta). It includes 2,777 species in 246 genera，representing 74 families from the two phyla of liverworts and hornworts. For mosses, the catalogue includes 4,039 species in 597 genera, representing 99 families. In the checklist of North Asia, there are 162 families, 1,151 genera, 6,459 species of vascular plants. Central Asia’checklist includes139 families, 1,198 genera and 9,643 species of vascular plants. Related research has advanced in Southeast, South and West Asia, where plant biodiversity research is more complex, making it more challenging and time-consuming to complete the species checklist. To complete the MAP series, we conducted extensive data collection, and taxonomic literature review. Several review papers have been published for South Asia, West Asia, Central Asia, Northeast Asia and Russia respectively. China, as one of the megadiversity countries in the world, plays an extremely important role in biodiversity conservation. China accounts for 21.5 % of Asia’s land area and 35 % of Asia’s plant species, and has published the world’s largest flora. Meanwhile, China has established several platforms such as the BioONE (An Integrated Big BioData Infrastructure for CASEarth) and the National Specimen Information Infrastructure (NSII), which covers plant distribution data in China and many nearby countries. Based on these achievements, we have gained a comprehensive understanding of plant diversity in Asian countries, laying the foundation for biodiversity conservation and research at the regional level in Asia. Our work was supported by the Bureau of International Cooperation, CAS, the Alliance of International Science Organizations (ANSO) (ANSO-PA-2020-10), the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS (No. XDA19050404) and the Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute of CAS. However, due to factors such as language barriers and the discovery and publication of new plant species or revisions of certain taxa, the MAP series may not be perfect publication at the moment.Suggestions and comments from all colleagues and experts are sincerely welcome to keep the checklists updated.
Keping MA Editor in Chief November 10th, 2023
Preface iii PrefaceIn November 2015, the project “Mapping Asia Plants” (MAP) was endorsed at the annual working meeting of the Asia Biodiversity Conservation and Database Network (ABCDNet), which is sponsored by the Biodiversity Committee of Chinese Academy of Sciences. MAP aims to set up an online database of botanical information for Asia, providing basic information and enabling cross-disciplinary data mining for the conservation and study of plant diversity in Asia (Ma, 2017). The MAP team consists of a team leader and seven members, who are responsible for the organization, coordination and online platform development in Southeast Asia, South Asia, Southwest Asia, Central Asia, North Asia (the Asian part of Russia) and Northeast Asia. In Central Asia, MAP work began in November 2016 during the workshop of biodiversity informatics of Southeast Asia. In November 2017, a workshop focusing on biodiversity informatics and floristic information was held in Urumqi, in which we decided to update the Checklist of Vascular Plants in Central Asia. Now, the Checklist of Vascular Plants in Central Asia was finished under the fund by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA19050404, XDA2005020402), the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition (2022xjkk1505), the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Science and Technology Partnership Program and International Science and Technology Cooperation Program (2023E01018), the CAS Knowledge Innovation Project (KSCX2-EW-Z-12) and CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative (PIFI) (2023VBA0013). The original data of this book was based on the botanical records, floras and checklists published in five Central Asia countries. All the data were cleaned according the latest research progress in taxonomy and systematics. In this book, the classification for lycophytes and ferns, gymnosperm and angiosperm were based on PPG I (2016), Christenhusz et al. (2011) and APG IV (2016), respectively. The family, genus, Latin name, important synonym and distributed country in Central Asia were recorded for each species. In total, 9643 vascular taxa (248 subspecies and 68 varieties) belonging to 1198 genera and 139 families were recorded in Central Asia, including 70 taxa of lycophytes and ferns, 36 taxa of gymnosperm, and 9537 taxa of angiosperm. The book also includes some introduced species (*) and species of doubtful distribution (?). This checklist was finished under many assistance and support. We would like to thanks to Prof. Yuanming ZHANG, Prof. Kaiyun GUAN, Prof. Ying FENG, Prof. Xiaobing ZHOU, Prof. Zhibin WEN, Dr. Danhui LIU, Dr. Qiumei CAO and Dr. Dong QIU in Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Prof. Keping MA, Prof. Jianhua XUE, Dr. Qinwen LIN, Maofang LUO and Xuehong XU in Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dr. Suliya MA in Inner Mongolia University of Technology; Prof. Ping YAN in Shihezi University; Prof. Hongfeng WANG in Northeast Forestry University; Dr. Bo LIU in Minzu University of China; Prof. Khassanov O. FURKAT, Prof. Khabibullo F. SHOMURODOV, Dr. Natalya N. BESHKO, Dr. Orzimat T. TURGINOV, and Dr. Ozodbek S. ABDURAIMOV in Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan; Prof. Hikmat HISORIEV in Institute of Botany, Plant Physiology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan; Prof. Liliya DIMEYEVA in Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources, Republic of Kazakhstan. We also thank some students, i.e., Lei YANG, Guoliang ZHENG, Huan ZHANG, Wanqiu MENG, who help to collect and check the data. In addition, we thank some organizations to support this work, such as Biodiversity Committee, Chinese Academy of
iv Checklist of Vascular Plants in Central Asia Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, National Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Key Lab of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, and Youth Innovation Promotion Association, CAS. This book is a reference book for plant science. It is available for researchers in plant taxonomy, conservation of plant diversity and species distribution pattern and so on. Limited to the level of the author, the book might contain some mistakes. Hope readers can point out and feedback them to us. Wenjun LI May 23th, 2024 Urumqi
Brief Introduction v Brief IntroductionCentral Asia, spanning almost 4 million km², is the core region of Eurasia, stretching from the Caspian Sea and the Volga River in the west to Northwest China in the east. This area comprises five countries: Kazakhstan (KZ), Kyrgyzstan (KG), Tajikistan (TJ), Uzbekistan (UZ), and Turkmenistan (TM). The southeastern part of Central Asia includes the Tianshan Mountains and Pamir Plateau, the Kazak hills in the north, the Turan plain, and the coastal plain of the Caspian Sea in the midwest, as well as the Karakum and Kyzylkum Deserts in the south (Chen, 2010). The highest peak in the southeast, Ismail Somoni in the Pamir-Alai mountain system, reaches 7495 meters (Jilili and Ma, 2015). Central Asia is one of the world’s largest arid regions in the Northern Hemisphere, characterized by a temperate continental arid climate (Jilili and Ma, 2015). The Tianshan Mountains and Pamir Plateau on the southeastern edge serve as a climatic division, intercepting moisture from the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Consequently, water vapor concentration is very low, leading to extremely uneven distribution of water resources. The southeast has become the sole water source for the five Central Asian countries, while the northwest is gradually becoming arid (Litvinsky et al., 1996; Brooke, 2014; Jia et al., 2018). Precipitation in most areas is less than 300 mm, although some mountainous regions receive up to 1000 mm. Arid and semi-arid areas, covering nearly three-quarters of Central Asia, are the predominant topographical features (Chen et al., 2008; Yu et al., 2019). This region boasts diverse vegetation, including gravel desert plants, sandy desert plants, sparse shrubs, and river valley forests (Korovin, 1961–1962). The altitudinal gradient ranges from desert to mountain shrubland, deciduous broad-leaved forest, dark coniferous forest, subalpine grassland, alpine meadows, and alpine cushion vegetation (Zhang et al., 2013, 2020). Botanical investigation in Central Asia began in the 18th century and intensified in the latter half of the 19th century, leading to a wealth of specimens stored in herbaria across Central Asia and neighboring countries (Frodin, 2001). Notably, Alexander Bunge published contributions to the flora of Russia and Central Asia based on Alexander Lehmann’s collections from 1839–1842. Subsequent significant works include “Flora of Pamir” (Fedtschenko and Fedtschenko, 1901), “Flora Srednej Azii” (Lipsky, 1902), and “Conspectus Florae Turkestanicae” (Fedtschenko and Fedtschenko, 1906–1916). The establishment of the University of Tashkent (now National University of Uzbekistan) in 1920 further spurred botanical explorations, culminating in the “Flora SSSR” project (Komarov, 1934–1964) and numerous flora books covering various regions and countries within Central Asia. Some flora books were published owing to theFlora SSSR project (Komarov, 1934–1964) after the establishment of the Soviet Union in 1922, such as Conspectus Florae Asiae Mediae (Kovalevskaya, 1968–1971; Bondarenko and Nabiev, 1972; Pakhomova, 1974–1976; Kamelin et al. 1981; Adylov, 1983, 1987; Nabiev, 1986; Adylov and Zuckerwanik, 1993; Khassanov, 2015) in region level;Flora Turkmenii(Fedtscihenko et al., 1932, 1937, 1948–1960),Manual of Vascular Plants of Turkmenistan (Nikitin and Geldykhanov, 1988),Flora Uzbekistanica1–6) (Vol. (Schreder and Vvedenskyi, 1941–1962),Flora Kirgizskoj SSR(Vol. 1–11) (Shishkin and Vvedensky, 1950–1962) and their two supplements (Vykhodsev, 1967, 1970),Flora Kazakhstana (Vol. 1–9) (Pavlov, 1956–1966),Flora of the Tajik SSR (Vol. 1–10) (Ovchinnikov, 1957–1991) in country level;Flora of Central Kazakhstan(Pavlov, 1928– 1938),Plant Resources of South Kazakhstan (Pavlov, 1947),Flora and Vegetation of Zarafshan Valley(Part 1–2) (Zakirov, 1955, 1961),Flora and Vegetation of the Western
vi Checklist of Vascular Plants in Central Asia Spurs of the Talas Alatau(Karmysheva, 1982),Flora of the Dzhungarskiy Alatau (check-list and analysis) (Goloskokov, 1984),Flora of East Kazakhstan1991), and (Baytulin, Opredelitel’ Rastenij Devernogo Tadzikistana1967), (Komarov, Flora of the South-Western Tian-Shan (within the Republic of Uzbekistan)(Tojibaev, 2010) inner county. According to the index of herbaria (Thiers, 2017), there are approximately ten major herbaria in the five Central Asian countries, including those at the Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources, Republic of Kazakhstan (AA), and the National Herbarium of Uzbekistan (TASH), which is the largest, containing over 1.5 million specimens. In total, nearly 3 million specimens are stored in Central Asian herbaria, with significant collections also housed in the Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (LE) and Moscow State University (MW).
Table 1 The key herbariums in Central Asia
Herbarium Country Institution Location Specimens code UKSPI S. Amanjolov East-Kazakhstan State University Ust-Kamenogorsk 11,338 Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Ministry AA of Ecology and Natural Resources, Republic of Alma-Ata 300,000 Kazakhstan Kazakhstan PPIU M. Utemisov Western Kazakhstanian State University Uralsk 340,000 Internatinal Phytochemistry Research and Production KG Alma-Ata 28,000 Institute KSPI Kostanay State Pedagogical Institute Kostanay 25,000 Institute of Biology and Soil, National Academy of Kyrgyzstan FRU Bishkek 400,000 Science, Kyrgyzstan Institute of Botany, Plant Physiology and Genetics, TAD Dushanbe 200,000 National Academy of Sciences of TajikistanTajikistan KHOR Pamir Biological Institute Khorog 30,000 National institute of deserts, flora and fauna of the Turkmenistan ASH Ashkhabad 135,000 Ministry of nature protection of Turkmenistan Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbekistan TASH Tashkent 1,500,000 Republic of Uzbekistan After gaining independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, the Central Asian countries established national scientific programs to modernize scientific activities (Li et al., 2020; Sennikov et al., 2016). Despite challenges, notable efforts include Kazakhstan’s new Flora project and Uzbekistan’s Flora project, which began in 2015 and has published five volumes to date. The “Conspectus Florae Asiae Mediae” (Volume 11) published in Tashkent is a comprehensive checklist of Central Asia, documenting 9341 species of vascular plants across 1245 genera and 161 families (Khassanov, 2015). Recent work also includes the first checklist of endemic vascular plants of the Central Asian part of the Tianshan Mountains, comprising 871 endemic species and subspecies (Tojibaev et al., 2020). The mountains of Central Asia are particularly significant for biodiversity conservation and have been recognized as global biodiversity hotspots (Mittermeier et al., 2006). These hotspots are crucial for maintaining both natural and domesticated biodiversity (CEPF, 2017). They harbor ancestors of domestic varieties of fruits and nuts, including
