1 Timothy , livre ebook

1 TIMOTHY
Asia Bible Commentary Series
Paul Trebilco, Simon H. Rae, and Deolito Vistar
General Editor
Andrew B. Spurgeon
Old Testament Consulting Editors
Yohanna Katanacho, Joseph Shao, Havilah Dharamraj, Koowon Kim
New Testament Consulting Editors
Steve Chang, Brian Wintle

© 2023 Paul Trebilco, Simon H. Rae, and Deolito Vistar
Published 2023 by Langham Global Library
An imprint of Langham Publishing
www.langhampublishing.org
Langham Publishing and its imprints are a ministry of Langham Partnership
Langham Partnership
PO Box 296, Carlisle, Cumbria, CA3 9WZ, UK
www.langham.org
Published in partnership with Asia Theological Association
ATA
QCC PO Box 1454–1154, Manila, Philippines
www.ataasia.com
ISBNs:
978-1-83973-813-5 Print
978-1-83973-814-2 ePub
978-1-83973-816-6 PDF
Paul Trebilco, Simon H. Rae, and Deolito Vistar have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988 to be identified as the Authors of this work.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher or the Copyright Licensing Agency.
Requests to reuse content from Langham Publishing are processed through PLSclear. Please visit www.plsclear.com to complete your request.
All Scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are taken from the Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV®. Copyright ©1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.™ Used by permission of Zondervan.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-1-83973-813-5
Cover & Book Design: projectluz.com
Langham Partnership actively supports theological dialogue and an author’s right to publish but does not necessarily endorse the views and opinions set forth here or in works referenced within this publication, nor can we guarantee technical and grammatical correctness. Langham Partnership does not accept any responsibility or liability to persons or property as a consequence of the reading, use or interpretation of its published content.

Converted to eBook by EasyEPUB
Contents

Cover


SERIES PREFACE


Authors’ Preface


List of Abbreviations


OUTLINE


INTRODUCTION


THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE LETTER


THE LETTER’s audience


1 Timothy 1


1:1–2 Greetings


1:3–7 Warning against False Teachers


1:8–11 The Lawful Use of the Law


1:12–17 Paul, an Example of God’s Saving Mercy


1:18–20 Paul’s Charge to Timothy


1 Timothy 2


2:1–7 Prayer in Public Worship


2:8–15 Men and Women in Worship


1 Timothy 3


3:1–7 Qualifications for Overseers


3:8–13 Qualifications for Deacons


3:14–16 The Church: God’s Family


1 Timothy 4


4:1–5 Asceticism of the False Teachers


4:6–16 Lifestyle of a Christian Leader


1 Timothy 5


5:1–2 The Congregation


5:3–16 The Widows


5:17–25 The Elders


1 Timothy 6


6:1–2 Instructions for Slaves


6:3–10 False Teachers and Their Love of Money


6:11–21 Final Charge to Timothy


CONCLUDING REMARKS


Selected Bibliography


About Asia Theological Association


About Langham Partnership

Endnotes
SERIES PREFACE
What’s unique about the Asia Bible Commentary Series? It is a commentary series written especially for Asian Christians, which incorporates and addresses Asian concerns, cultures, and practices. As Asian scholars – either by nationality, passion, or calling – the authors identify with the biblical text, understand it culturally, and apply its principles in Asian contexts to strengthen the churches in Asia. Missiologists tell us that Christianity has shifted from being a Western majority religion to a South, Southeastern, and Eastern majority religion and that the church is growing at an unprecedented rate in these regions. This series meets the need for evangelical commentaries written specifically for an Asian audience.
This is not to say that Asian churches and Asian Christians don’t want to partner with Western Christians and churches or that they spurn Western influences. A house divided cannot stand. The books in this series complement the existing Western commentaries by taking into consideration the cultural nuances familiar to the Eastern world so that the Eastern readership is not inundated with Western clichés and illustrations that they are unable to relate to and which may not be applicable to them.
The mission of this series is “to produce resources that are biblical, pastoral, contextual, missional, and prophetic for pastors, Christian leaders, cross-cultural workers, and students in Asia.” While using approved exegetical principles, the writers strive to be culturally relevant, offer practical applications, and provide clear explanations of the texts so that readers can grow in understanding and maturity in Christ, and so that Christian leaders can guide their congregations into maturity. May we be found faithful to this endeavor and may God be glorified!
Andrew B. Spurgeon
General Editor
Authors’ Preface
An earlier edition of this commentary, written by Paul Trebilco and Simon Rae, was published by the Asia Theological Association and OMF Literature in the Asia Bible Commentary Series in 2006. Paul and Simon are now very grateful to have been given the opportunity by Dr. Andrew Spurgeon, who is the current general editor of this commentary series, to revise and update it. Paul and Simon are also very grateful that Deolito Vistar was willing to assist in this revision process. It has been a joy and privilege for the three of us to work together in this way.
The authors are also very grateful to Dr. Andrew Spurgeon for his encouragement and for his editorial suggestions which have helped improve this work. We are also very grateful to Ms. Bubbles Lactaoen for her efficiency and assistance in the final stages of the production of this commentary.
List of Abbreviations

Books of the Bible Old Testament
Gen, Exod, Lev, Num, Deut, Josh, Judg, Ruth, 1–2 Sam, 1–2 Kgs, 1–2 Chr, Ezra, Neh, Esth, Job, Ps/Pss, Prov, Eccl, Song, Isa, Jer, Lam, Ezek, Dan, Hos, Joel, Amos, Obad, Jonah, Mic, Nah, Hab, Zeph, Hag, Zech, Mal New Testament
Matt, Mark, Luke, John, Acts, Rom, 1–2 Cor, Gal, Eph, Phil, Col, 1–2 Thess, 1–2 Tim, Titus, Phlm, Heb, Jas, 1–2 Pet, 1–2–3 John, Jude, Rev Bible Texts and Versions Divisions of the canon
NT
New Testament
OT
Old Testament Ancient texts and versions
LXX
Septuagint
MT
Masoretic Text Modern versions
KJV
King James Version
NIV
New International Version
NASB
New American Standard Bible
NKJV
New King James Version
NRSV
New Revised Standard Version Journals, reference works, and series
AB
Anchor Bible
BST
The Bible Speaks Today CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly
ICC
International Critical Commentary
ITC
International Theological Commentary JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JETS Journal of the
Evangelical Theological Society JTS Journal of Theological Studies
JSNTSup
Journal for the Study of the New Testament Supplements
NICNT
New International Commentary on the New Testament
NIGTC
New International Greek Testament Commentary
SBL
Society of Biblical Literature TDNT Theological Dictionary of the New Testament
WBC
Word Biblical Commentary
OUTLINE

1 Timothy 1
1:1–2
Greetings
1:3–7
Warning against False Teachers
1:8–11
The Lawful Use of the Law
1:12–17
Paul, an Example of God’s Saving Mercy
1:18–20
Paul’s Charge to Timothy
1 Timothy 2
2:1–7
Prayer in Public Worship
2:8–15
Men and Women in Worship
1 Timothy 3
3:1–7
Qualifications for Overseers
3:8–13
Qualifications for Deacons
3:14–16
The Church: God’s Family
1 Timothy 4
4:1–5
Asceticism of the False Teachers
4:6–16
Lifestyle of a Christian Leader
4:6–10
Sound Doctrine and Godly Living
4:11–16
Faithfulness in Personal Life and Public Ministry
1 Timothy 5
5:1–2
The Congregation
5:3–16
The Widows
5:3–8
Caring for Widows
5:9–16
Cautions about Widows
5:17–25
The Elders
5:17–18
Caring for Elders
5:19–25
Cautions about Elders
1 Timothy 6
6:1–2
Instructions for Slaves
6:3–10
False Teachers and Their Love of Money
6:11–21
Final Charge to Timothy
6:11–16
A Word to Timothy
6:17–19
A Word to the Rich
6:20–21
Final Word to Timothy
INTRODUCTION
First Timothy, 2 Timothy, and Titus are collectively described as “Pastoral Epistles” because they deal with matters related to pastoring a community of believers. These letters are as relevant today as when they were first written.
First Timothy includes matters such as sound doctrines and false teachings, true and false beliefs, encouragement to those who suffer, caring for other Christians, leadership in the church, instructions to rich Christians, the goodness of the created world, and the importance of behavior that reflects Christian beliefs. The Christian community Paul addresses was under pressure because of influences exerted by the religious beliefs and lifestyles of neighboring communities, as well as because of sporadic persecution. Paul’s letter shows how Christians can live with both integrity and harmony in a society which includes people with differing religious and cultural beliefs and values.
As someone who was as much at home in the Greek and Roman worlds as he was in the world of Palestinian and Diaspora Judaism, Paul was the ideal candidate to minister to both Jewish and Gentile Christians and to bring reconciliation between these two communities when misunderstandings arose. His ministry was international in scope and multicultural in outlook. As someone who had suffered many hardships, imprisonment, and persecution for the sake of the gospel – even bearing on his body the marks of Christ’s suffering (Gal 6:17) – Paul wrote this