Trounce's Clinical Pharmacology for Nurses , livre ebook

Table of Contents

Cover image
Front-matter
Copyright
Foreword
Preface
Contributors
Acknowledgements
Glossary
Introduction
Chapter 1. The use of pharmaceuticals
Chapter 2. The role of nurses in drug administration
Chapter 3. Nurses and the pharmaceutical service
Chapter 4. The autonomic nervous system, asthma, 5-hydroxytryptamine and migraine
Chapter 5. Drugs acting on the heart
Chapter 6. Drugs used for blood pressure
Chapter 7. Atheroma and thrombosis
Chapter 8. Drugs affecting the alimentary tract
Chapter 9. Emetics and antiemetics, cough remedies, respiratory stimulants
Chapter 10. Narcotic analgesics
Chapter 11. Anti-inflammatory drugs
Chapter 12. Drugs affecting the kidney and renal function
Chapter 13. Endocrine system I
Chapter 14. Endocrine system II. Hormones and metabolism
Chapter 15. Endocrine system III. Hormones and metabolism
Chapter 16. Endocrine system IV. Hormones and metabolism
Chapter 17. Endocrine system V
Chapter 18. CNS 1. General anaesthesia, local anaesthetics and resuscitation
Chapter 19. CNS 2. Epilepsy and Parkinson's disease
Chapter 20. CNS 3. Antipsychotics, anxiolytics and hypnotics
Chapter 21. CNS 4. Antidepressants and dementias
Chapter 22. CNS 5. Drug dependence (drug addiction)
Chapter 23. Antibacterial drugs
Chapter 24. Antifungal and antiviral agents
Chapter 25. Sera and vaccines
Chapter 26. Drugs used in the treatment of malignant disease
Chapter 27. Treatment of tropical and imported diseases; anthelmintics
Chapter 28. Drugs and the eye
Chapter 29. Application of drugs to the skin, nose and ears
Chapter 30. Vitamins, iron and treatment of anaemia
Chapter 31. Drugs in pregnancy and at the extremes of age
Chapter 32. Adverse reactions to drugs, testing of drugs and pharmacovigilance
Chapter 33. Disinfectants and insecticides
Chapter 34. Poisoning and its treatment
Chapter 35. Herbal medicines (phytotherapy) and homeopathy
Appendix. Weights and measures
Index
Front-matter

Trounce's Clinical Pharmacology for Nurses
Dedication
Professor John Trounce (1920-2007)
Senior Commissioning Editor : Ninette Premdas
Development Editor : Lulu Stader
Project Manager : Anne Dickie
Design Direction : George Ajayi
Illustration Manager : Kirsteen Wright
Illustrator : Antbits
Trounce's Clinical Pharmacology for Nurses
Ben Greenstein BA(Hons) BSc(Hons) DHPh PhD FBIH MRPharmS Senior Honorary Visiting Research Fellow, Pain Management Team, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
Nursing Adviser
Dinah Gould BSc MPhil PhD RGN RNT Professor of Applied Biology, City University, London, UK
Foreword by
The late John Trounce MD FRCP Professor Emeritus of Clinical Pharmacology, United Medical and Dental Schools, and Physician Emeritus,Guy's Hospital, London, UK
EIGHTEENTH EDITION
EDINBURGH LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD PHILADELPHIA ST LOUIS SYDNEY TORONTO 2009
Copyright

© E & S Livingstone Ltd 1958, 1961, 1964, 1967, 1970
© Longman Group Limited 1973, 1977, 1979, 1981, 1983, 1985, 1988, 1990, 1994
© Pearson Professional Limited 1997
© Harcourt Publishers Limited 2000
© Elsevier Science Limited 2004
© 2009, Elsevier Limited. All rights reserved.
The right of Ben Greenstein and Dinah Gould to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier's Rights Department: phone: (11) 215 239 3804 (US) or (144) 1865 843830 (UK); fax: (144) 1865 853333; e-mail: healthpermissions@elsevier.com . You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier website at http://www.elsevier.com/permissions .
First edition 1958
Second edition 1961
Third edition 1964
Fourth edition 1967
Fifth edition 1970
Sixth edition 1973
Seventh edition 1977
Eighth edition 1979
Ninth edition 1981
Tenth edition 1983
Eleventh edition 1985
Twelth edition 1988
Thirteenth edition 1990
Fourteenth edition 1994
Fifteenth edition 1997
Sixteenth edition 2000
Seventeenth edition 2004
Eighteenth edition 2009
ISBN: 978 0 443 06804 1
International ISBN: 978 0 443 06805 8
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

Notice

Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our knowledge,changes in practice, treatment and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner, relying on their own experience and knowledge of the patient, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the Authors assumes any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of the material contained in this book.
The Publisher



Printed in China
Foreword
Sadly, Professor Trounce passed away in 2007. We include here his preface to the 17 th Edition.
It gives me great pleasure to write a foreword to the new edition of Clinical Pharmacology for Nurses which has been prepared by Ben Greenstein with Professor Dinah Gould acting as nursing advisor.
Although the general principles have been maintained the layout has been restructured to make it more user-friendly, and the text has been extensively revised and updated to bring the contents into line with present day drugs and their therapeutic use. The number of chapters has been increased from twenty-nine to thirty-five which allows for some overlong chapters to be divided, with the insertion of extra material, producing a more logical sequence. Each chapter is preceded by a table of contents, and most usefully, by a list of learning objectives, giving the reader a clear idea of the salient points. At the end of each chapter is a summary which is useful for revision.
There is quite an extensive glossary which will be especially helpful to students who are starting their training and who may not be familiar with some of the terms used in medical textbooks. Overall this refurbishment of the layout and presentation is a great improvement that has made the book considerably easier to use for both learning and reference. Throughout the book various special points have been highlighted. These include Nursing Points which deal with areas of special importance to the nurse; Patient Education, a subject in which nurses are increasingly involved and Safety Points which are relevant to all who use or administer drugs. A list of references which has been updated appears at the end of each chapter.
The text has been considerably, and in some places, radically revised, not only to include new drugs but to indicate where the approach to the treatment of some disorders is changing. A new feature is the inclusion of a number of case histories illustrating how drugs are used in certain clinical situations. They are informative and help to enliven the description of therapeutics. As drugs become more effective and numerous, they are also more difficult to use correctly; incorrect use can lead to a disaster.
Nurses are increasingly involved in drug administration and in prescribing. It is therefore very important that they are familiar not only with the practice of drug therapy but they also need some knowledge of the underlying principles and mode of action of the drugs they are using.
A source of information which is well presented and up-to-date but also strikes a nice balance between basic principles and practical guidance is required. This is admirably provided by the new edition of this book and it will enable members of the nursing profession to face their responsibilities with confidence.
John Trounce
Preface
It was with great sadness that we learned of the passing of Professor John Trounce, who will be greatly missed by all who knew him and we extend our heartfelt condolences to his family.
This edition maintains the format and approach of the 17th edition and attempts to accommodate the very rapid advances in the field of clinical medicine. New drugs, particularly those formulated to target specific biological chemical mediators of immunity and abnormal cell proliferation, appear almost daily and the teacher and practitioner need to keep up to date with this rapidly growing area of clinical pharmacology.
The subject becomes more and more relevant to UK nurses with the ongoing expansion of the UK nurse's role and responsibilities in the prescribing, dispensing and monitoring of drugs in patients. Furthermore, drugs are becoming more complex and more sophisticated: for example, the new antibodies for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, and some of the cancer chemotherapy drugs, which have to be administered by nurses. This responsibility becomes even more important with the inexorable shift of treatments away from UK hospitals into the community, where the nurse will be thrown more and more into the front line and into a position of greater responsibility for the prescribing and administration of drugs.
In view of their constant handling of drugs, particularly the immunosuppressive, radioactive and potentially carcinogenic anticancer dr