Sleep Disorders Medicine E-Book , livre ebook

Sleep Disorders Medicine
Basic Science, Technical Considerations, and Clinical Aspects
Third Edition

Sudhansu Chokroverty, MD, FRCP, FACP
Professor and Co-Chair of Neurology, Clinical Neurophysiology and Sleep Medicine, New Jersey Neuroscience Institute at JFK Medical Center, Edison, New Jersey
Professor of Neuroscience, Seton Hall University School of Graduate Medical Education, South Orange, New Jersey
Saunders
Copyright
Saunders Elsevier
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800.
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899.
SLEEP DISORDERS MEDICINE: BASIC SCIENCE, TECHNICALCONSIDERATIONS, AND CLINICAL ASPECTS
ISBN: 978-0-7506-7584-0.
Copyright © 2009, 1999 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Rights Department: phone: (+1) 215 239 3804 (US) or (+44) 1865 843830 (UK); fax: (+44) 1865 853333; e-mail: healthpermissions@elsevier.com . You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier website at http://www.elsevier.com/permissions .


Notice
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our knowledge, changes in practice, treatment and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner, relying on their own experience and knowledge of the patient, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the Editor assumes any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of the material contained in this book.
The Publisher
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Sleep disorders medicine: basic science, technical considerations,and clinical aspects / [edited by] Sudhansu Chokroverty. –3rd ed.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-7506-7584-0.
1. Sleep disorders. I. Chokroverty, Sudhansu.
[DNLM: 1. Sleep Disorders. 2. Sleep–physiology. WM 188 S6323 2009]
RC547.S534 2009.
616.8′498–dc22.
2008037586.
Acquisitions Editor: Adrianne Brigido
Developmental Editor: Arlene Chappelle
Project Manager: Bryan Hayward
Design Direction: Steve Stave
Printed in the United States of America
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1.
Dedication
I dedicate this book to my wife, Manisha Chokroverty, MD; my daughters, Linda Chokroverty, MD, and Keka Chokroverty-Filipowiz, BA; and my dear departed parents, Debendranath Chokroverty (1898-2001) and Ashalata Chokroverty (1910-2000).
Contributors

Vivien C. Abad, MD, MBA, Director, Sleep Disorders Center, Camino Medical Group, Cupertino, California

Richard P. Allen, PhD, Assistant Professor, Johns Hopkins University School of Arts and Sciences, Research Associate, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

Charles W. Atwood, Jr., MD, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Director, Sleep Disorders Program, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Director, Sleep Medicine Fellowship, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Ruth M. Benca, MD, PhD, Director, Sleep Program, Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin

Daniel J. Buysse, MD, Professor of Psychiatry and Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic/UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Rosalind Cartwright, PhD, Professor, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois

Sudhansu Chokroverty, MD, FRCP, FACP, Professor and Co-Chair of Neurology, Clinical Neurophysiology and Sleep Medicine, New Jersey Neuroscience Institute at JFK Medical Center, Edison, New Jersey, Professor of Neuroscience, Seton Hall University School of Graduate Medical Education, South Orange, New Jersey

Thanh Dang-Vu, MD, PhD, Postdoctoral Researcher, Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium

Yves Dauvilliers, MD, PhD, Professor of Neurology/Physiology, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France

William C. Dement, MD, PhD, Professor of Psychiatry and Sleep Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Director, Sleep Disorders Clinic and Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California

Martin Desseilles, MD, Research Fellow, Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium

Karl Doghramji, MD, Professor of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Professor of Neurology and Program Director, Fellowship in Sleep Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Medical Director, Jefferson Sleep Disorders Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Helen S. Driver, PhD, RPSGT, D.ABSM, Adjunct Assistant Professor, Departments of Medicine and Psychology, Queen’s University, Sleep Disorders Laboratory Coordinator, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Milton G. Ettinger, MD * , Professor of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Chief of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Richard Ferber, MD, Associate Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Director, Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts

Peter L. Franzen, PhD, Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic/UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Christian Guilleminault, MD, DM, BiolD, Professor, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, California

Wayne A. Hening, MD, PhD * , Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland

Max Hirshkowitz, PhD, Tenured Associate Professor, Department of Medicine and Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Sleep Medicine Fellowship Training Director, Baylor College of Medicine, Director Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas

Timothy F. Hoban, MD, Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Michigan, Director, Pediatric Sleep Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Sharon A. Keenan, PhD, D.ABSM, REEGT, RPSGT, Director, The School of Sleep Medicine Inc., Palo Alto, California

John B. Kostis, MD, John G. Detwiler Professor of Cardiology, Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology and Chairman, Department of Medicine, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey

Mark W. Mahowald, MD, Professor, Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Director, Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Susan Malcolm-Smith, MA, Lecturer, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Pierre Maquet, MD, PhD, Research Director, Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium

Stéphanie Maret, PhD, Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

Robert W. McCarley, MD, Director, Neuroscience Laboratory, and Professor and Head, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare, Brockton, Massachusetts

Reena Mehra, MD, MS, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Case School of Medicine, Assistant Professor of Medicine and Medical Director, Adult Sleep Center Services, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio

Pasquale Montagna, MD, Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Bologna Medical School, Bologna, Italy

Jacques Montplaisir, MD, PhD, CRCP, Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Director, Center for the Study of Sleep and Biological Rhythms, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada

Robert Y. Moore, MD, PhD, FAAN, Professor, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Charles M. Morin, PhD, Professor of Psychology and Director, Sleep Research Center, École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada

Tore Nielsen, PhD, Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Researcher, Center for the Study of Sleep and Biological Rhythms, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada

Christopher P. O’Donnell, PhD, Associate Professor, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Maurice Moyses Ohayon, MD, PhD, DSc, Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California

Markku Partinen, MD, PhD, Research Director, Helsinki Sleep Clinic, Vitalmed Research Centre, Adjunct Professor, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Philippe Peigneux, PhD, Professor, School of Psychology, Free Unive