Public Health Nursing - Revised Reprint - E-Book , livre ebook

Public Health Nursing
Population-Centered Health Care in the
Community
EIGHTH EDITION
Marcia Stanhope, RN, DSN, FAAN
Endowed Professor and Good Samaritan Chair Holder, Community Health Nursing,
University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
Jeanette Lancaster, RN, PhD, FAAN
Medical Center Professor, School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville,
Virginia
Revised ReprintTable of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Ifc-01
Community Nursing Definitions
Ifc-01
Copyright
About the Authors
Dedication
Contributors
Reviewers
Acknowledgments
A Special Thanks
Preface
Conceptual Approach to This Text
Organization
New to This Edition
Pedagogy
Additional Resources
Objectives
Key TermsChapter Outline
Did You Know? Boxes
What Do You Think? Boxes
How To Boxes
Nursing Tip Boxes
Evidence-Based Practice
The Cutting Edge Boxes
Practice Application
Key Points
Clinical Decision-Making Activities
Evolve Student Learning Resources
Instructor Resources
Part I: Perspectives in Health Care and Population-Centered Nursing
Introduction
Chapter 1. Population-Focused Practice: The Foundation of Specialization in Public
Health Nursing
Objectives
Key Terms
Public Health Practice: the Foundation for Healthy Populations and Communities
Public Health Nursing as a Field of Practice: an Area of Specialization
Public Health Nursing and Community Health Nursing Versus Community-Based
Nursing
Roles in Public Health Nursing
Challenges for the Future
CHAPTER REVIEW
References
Chapter 2. History of Public Health and Public and Community Health Nursing
Objectives
Key Terms
Change and ContinuityPublic Health During America’s Colonial Period and the New Republic
Nightingale and the Origins of Trained Nursing
America Needs Trained Nurses
School Nursing in America
The Profession Comes of Age
Public Health Nursing in Official Health Agencies and in World War I
Paying the Bill for Public Health Nurses
African-American Nurses in Public Health Nursing
Between the two World Wars: Economic Depression and The Rise of Hospitals
Increasing Federal Action for the Public’s Health
World War II: Extension and Retrenchment in Public Health Nursing
The Rise of Chronic Illness
Declining Financial Support for Practice and Professional Organizations
Professional Nursing Education for Public Health Nursing
New Resources and New Communities: The 1960s and Nursing
Community Organization and Professional Change
Public Health Nursing from the 1970s to the Present
Public Health Nursing Today
CHAPTER REVIEW
References
Chapter 3. Public Health and Primary Health Care Systems and Health Care
Transformation
Objectives
Key Terms
Current Health Care System in the United States
Trends Affecting the Health Care System
Organization of the Health Care System
Transformation of the Health Care System: What does the Future Hold?
CHAPTER REVIEW
ReferencesChapter 4. Perspectives in Global Health Care
Objectives
Key Terms
Overview and Historical Perspective of Global Health
The Role of Population Health
Primary Health Care
Nursing and Global Health
Major Global Health Organizations
Global Health and Global Development
Health Care Systems
Major Global Health Problems and the Burden of Disease
CHAPTER REVIEW
References
Part II: Influences on Health Care Delivery and Population-Centered
Nursing
Introduction
Chapter 5. Economics of Health Care Delivery
Objectives
Key Terms
Public Health and Economics
Principles of Economics
Factors Affecting Resource Allocation in Health Care
Primary Prevention
The Context of the U.S. Health Care System
Trends in Health Care Spending
Factors Influencing Health Care Costs
Financing of Health Care
Health Care Payment Systems
CHAPTER REVIEW
ReferencesChapter 6. Application of Ethics in the Community
Objectives
Key Terms
History
Ethical Decision Making
Ethics
Ethics and the Core Functions of Population-Centered Nursing Practice
Nursing Code of Ethics
Public Health Code of Ethics
Advocacy and Ethics
CHAPTER REVIEW
References
Chapter 7. Cultural Diversity in the Community
Objectives
Key Terms
Immigrant Health Issues
Culture, Race, and Ethnicity
Cultural Competence
Inhibitors to Developing Cultural Competence
Cultural Nursing Assessment
Variations Among Cultural Groups
Culture and Nutrition
Culture and Socioeconomic Status
CHAPTER REVIEW
References
Chapter 8. Public Health Policy
Objectives
Key Terms
Definitions
Governmental Role in U.S. Health CareHealthy People 2020: an Example of National Health Policy Guidance
Organizations and Agencies that Influence Health
Impact Of Government Health Functions and Structures on Nursing
The Law and Health Care
Laws Specific to Nursing Practice
Legal Issues Affecting Health Care Practices
The Nurse’s Role in the Policy Process
CHAPTER REVIEW
References
Part III: Conceptual and Scientific Frameworks Applied to
PopulationCentered Nursing Practice
Introduction
Chapter 9. Population-Based Public Health Nursing Practice: The Intervention Wheel
Objectives
Key Terms
The Intervention Wheel Origins and Evolution
Assumptions Underlying the Intervention Wheel
Using the Intervention Wheel in Public Health Nursing Practice
Components of the Model
Adoption of the Intervention Wheel In Practice, Education, And Management
Healthy People 2020
Applying the Nursing Process in Public Health Nursing Practice
Applying The Process at the Individual/Family Level
Applying the Public Health Nursing Process at the Community Level of Practice
Scenario
Applying the Public Health Nursing Process to a Systems Level of Practice Scenario
CHAPTER REVIEW
References
Chapter 10. Environmental HealthObjectives
Key Terms
HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020 OBJECTIVES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Historical Context
Environmental Health Sciences
Global Warming/Climate Change
Assessment
Precautionary Principle
Reducing Environmental Health Risks
Advocacy
Referral Resources
ROLES FOR NURSES IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
CHAPTER REVIEW
References
Chapter 11. Genomics in Public Health Nursing
Objectives
KEY TERMS
The Human Genome and its Transforming Effect on Public Health
A Brief History of the Science
DNA and its Relationship to Genomics and Genetics
Current Issues in Genomics and Genetics
Personalized Health Care
Genomic Competencies for the Public Health Workforce
Incorporating Genomics and Genetics into Public Health Nursing Practice
The Future
CHAPTER REVIEW
References
Chapter 12. Epidemiology
Objectives
Key TermsDefinitions of Health and Public Health
Definitions and Descriptions of Epidemiology
Historical Perspectives
Basic Concepts in Epidemiology
Screening
Surveillance
Core Public Health Functions
Basic Methods in Epidemiology
Descriptive Epidemiology
Analytic Epidemiology
Experimental Studies
Causality
Applications of Epidemiology in Nursing
CHAPTER REVIEW
References
Chapter 13. Infectious Disease Prevention and Control
Objectives
Key Terms
Historical and Current Perspectives
Transmission of Communicable Diseases
Surveillance of Communicable Diseases
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases
Agents of Bioterrorism
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases
Vector-Borne Diseases
Diseases of Travelers
Zoonoses
Parasitic DiseasesHospital-Acquired Infections
Universal Precautions
CHAPTER REVIEW
References
Chapter 14. Communicable and Infectious Disease Risks
Objectives
Key Terms
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Hepatitis
Tuberculosis
Nurse’s Role in Providing Preventive Care for Communicable Diseases
CHAPTER REVIEW
References
Chapter 15. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
Objectives
Key Terms
Definition of Evidence-Based Practice
History of Evidence-Based Practice
Types of Evidence
Factors Leading to Change or Barriers to Evidence-Based Practice
Steps in the Evidence-Based Practice Process
Approaches to Finding Evidence
Approaches to Evaluating Evidence
Approaches to Implementing Evidence-Based Practice
Current Perspectives
Healthy People 2020 Objectives
Example of Application of Evidence-Based Practice to Public Health Nursing
CHAPTER REVIEW
ReferencesChapter 16. Using Health Education and Groups to Promote Health
Objectives
KEY TERMS
Healthy People 2020 Objectives For Health Education
Education And Learning
How People Learn
The Educational Process
Educational Issues
The Educational Product
Groups as a Tool For Health Education
CHAPTER REVIEW
References
Chapter 17. Promoting Healthy Communities Using Multilevel Participatory
Strategies
Objectives
Key Terms
The Ecological Approach to Community Health Promotion
Historical Perspectives, Definitions, And Methods
Interprofessional Application To Nursing And Public Health
Application Of The Integrative Model For Community Health Promotion
CHAPTER REVIEW
References
Part IV: Issues and Approaches in Population-Centered Nursing
Introduction
Chapter 18. Community as Client: Assessment and Analysis
Objectives
Key Terms
Community Defined
Community as ClientGoals and Means Of Practice in The Community
Community-Focused Nursing Process: an Overview of The Process From
Assessment to Evaluation
Personal Safety in Community Practice
Examples of Tables Describing The Process Of a Community Assessment
CHAPTER REVIEW
References
Chapter 19. Population-Centered Nursing in Rural and Urban Environments
Objectives
Key Terms
Historic Overview
Definition of Terms
Current Perspectives
Rural Health Care Delivery Issues and Barriers to Care
Nursing Care in Rural Environments
Future Perspectives
Building Professional-Community-Client Partnerships in Rural Settings
CHAPTER REVIEW
References
Chapter 20. Promoting Health Through Healthy Communities and Cities
Objectives
Key Terms
History of the Healthy Communities and Cities Movement
Definition of Terms
Assumptions about Community Practice
Healthy Communities and Cities in the United States
Healthy Communities and Cities around the World: Selected Examples
Developing a Healthy Community
Models for Developing a Healthy Community
CHAPTER REVIEWReferences
Chapter 21. The Nursing Center: A Model for Nursing Practice in the Community
Objectives
Key T