Pharmacology - E-Book , livre ebook

P h a r m a c o l o g y
A Patient-Centered Nursing Process
Approach
EIGHTH EDITION
Joyce LeFever Kee, MS, RN
Associate Professor Emerita, School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware
Evelyn R. Hayes, PhD, MPH, FNP-BC
Professor, School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark,
Delaware
Linda E. McCuistion, PhD, RN, CNS
Professor, South University, Richmond Campus, Richmond, VirginiaD i s c l a i m e r
This title includes additional digital media when purchased in print format. For this
digital book edition, media content may not be included.Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Disclaimer
Copyright
Dedication
Meet the Authors
Joyce LeFever Kee
Evelyn R. Hayes
Linda E. McCuistion
Contributors
Reviewers
Preface
Organization
Additional Features
Teaching And Learning Resources
Acknowledgments
Unit I: Introduction to Pharmacology
Introduction
Chapter 1. Drug Action: Pharmaceutic, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic
PhasesObjectives
Key Terms
Pharmaceutic Phase
Pharmacokinetic Phase
Pharmacodynamic Phase
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Chapter 2. The Drug Approval Process
Objectives
Key Terms
Drug Standards and Legislation
Nurse Practice Acts
Canadian Drug Regulation
Initiatives to Combat Drug Counterfeiting
Drug Names
Drug Resources
U.S. Food and Drug Administration Pregnancy Categories
Key Websites
Chapter 3. Cultural and Pharmacogenetic Considerations
Objectives
Key Terms
Ethnopharmacology
Transcultural Nursing
The Giger and Davidhizar Transcultural Assessment Model
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Chapter 4. Drug Interactions and Over-the-Counter Drugs
ObjectivesKey Terms
Drug Interactions
Drug-Food Interactions
Drug-Laboratory Interactions
Drug-Induced Photosensitivity
Over-the-Counter Drugs
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Chapter 5. Drugs of Abuse
Objectives
Key Terms
Context of Drug Abuse
Neurobiology of Addictive Drugs
Overview of Addictive States
Stimulants
Depressants
Other Drugs of Abuse
Special Needs of Drug-Abusing Patients
Chemical Impairment in Health Professionals
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Chapter 6. Herbal Therapies
Objectives
Key Terms
Herbal Monographs
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994
Current Good Manufacturing Practices
Herbal PreparationsCommonly Used Herbal Remedies
Potential Hazards of Herbs
Tips for Consumers and Health Care Providers
Herbal Resources
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Chapter 7. Pediatric Pharmacology
Objectives
Key Terms
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Nursing Implications
Considerations for the Adolescent Patient
Nursing Process: Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Chapter 8. Geriatric Pharmacology
Objectives
Key Terms
Physiologic Changes
Polypharmacy
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Effects of Selected Drug Groups on Older Adults
Adherence and Nonadherence
Health Teaching with the Older Adult
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case StudyChapter 9. Collaboration in Community Settings
Objectives
Patient Teaching
Community-Based Settings
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Chapter 10. The Role of the Nurse in Drug Research
Objectives
Key Terms
Basic Ethical Principles
Informed Consent
Risk-to-Benefit Ratio
Objectives and Phases of Human Clinical Experimentation
Key Websites
Unit II: A Nurse's Perspective of Pharmacology
Introduction
Chapter 11. The Nursing Process in Patient-Centered Pharmacotherapy
Objectives
Key Terms
Nursing Process: Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Chapter 12. Safety and Quality in Pharmacotherapy
Objectives
Key Terms
“Five-Plus-Five” Rights of Medication Administration
Nurses' Rights When Administering MedicationsCulture of Safety
Safety Risks for Medication Administration
High-Alert Medications
Look-Alike and Sound-Alike Drug Names
Other Factors in Prevention of Medication Errors
Resources for Preventing Errors in Medication Administration
Pregnancy Categories
Factors That Modify Drug Response
Guidelines for Medication Administration
Key Websites
Chapter 13. Medication Administration
Objectives
Key Terms
Self-Administration of Medication
Forms and Routes for Drug Administration
Nursing Implications for Administration of Parenteral Medications
Developmental Needs of Pediatric Patients
Technological Advances
Key Websites
Unit III: Drug Calculations
Introduction
Chapter 14. Medications and Calculations
Overview
Section 14A: Systems of Measurement with Conversion
Section 14B: Methods for Calculation
Section 14C: Calculations of Oral Dosages
Section 14D: Calculations of Injectable Dosages
Section 14E: Calculations of Intravenous FluidsSection 14F: Pediatric Drug Calculations
Unit IV: Nutrition and Electrolytes
Introduction
Chapter 15. Vitamin and Mineral Replacement
Objectives
Key Terms
Vitamins
Minerals
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Chapter 16. Fluid and Electrolyte Replacement
Objectives
Key Terms
Homeostasis
Fluid Replacement
Electrolytes
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Chapter 17. Nutritional Support
Objectives
Key Terms
Enteral Nutrition
Parenteral Nutrition
Transitional Feeding: Parenteral to Enteral
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Unit V: Autonomic Nervous System AgentsIntroduction
Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Chapter 18. Adrenergic Agonists and Adrenergic Blockers
Objectives
Key Terms
Adrenergic Agonists
Central-Acting Alpha Agonists
Adrenergic Blockers (Antagonists)
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Chapter 19. Cholinergic Agonists and Anticholinergics
Objectives
Key Terms
Cholinergic Agonists
Anticholinergics
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Unit VI: Neurologic and Neuromuscular Agents
Introduction
Chapter 20. Central Nervous System Stimulants
Objectives
Key Terms
Pathophysiology
Amphetamines
Anorexiants, Lipase Inhibitors, Analeptics, and Respiratory Stimulants
Key WebsitesCritical Thinking Case Study
Chapter 21. Central Nervous System Depressants
Objectives
Key Terms
Types and Stages of Sleep
Nonpharmacologic Methods
Sedative-Hypnotics
Anesthetics
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Chapter 22. Anticonvulsants
Objectives
Key Terms
International Classification of Seizures
Anticonvulsants
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Chapter 23. Drugs for Neurologic Disorders: Parkinsonism and Alzheimer's Disease
Objectives
Key Terms
Parkinsonism
Alzheimer's Disease
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Chapter 24. Drugs for Neuromuscular Disorders: Myasthenia Gravis, Multiple
Sclerosis, and Muscle Spasms
Objectives
Key TermsMyasthenia Gravis
Multiple Sclerosis
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Unit VII: Pain and Inflammation Management Agents
Introduction
Chapter 25. Antiinflammatory Drugs
Objectives
Key Terms
Pathophysiology
Antiinflammatory Agents
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
Corticosteroids
Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
Antigout Drugs
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Chapter 26. Nonopioid and Opioid Analgesics
Objectives
Key Terms
Pathophysiology
Nonopioid Analgesics
Opioid Analgesics
Adjuvant Therapy
Treatment for Opioid-Addicted Individuals
Opioid Agonist-Antagonists
Opioid AntagonistsHeadaches: Migraine and Cluster
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Unit VIII: Psychiatric Agents
Introduction
Chapter 27. Antipsychotics and Anxiolytics
Objectives
Key Terms
Psychosis
Antipsychotic Agents
Anxiolytics
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Chapter28. Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers
Objectives
Key Terms
Depression
Antidepressant Agents
Mood Stabilizers
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Unit IX: Antibacterial and Antiinfective Agents
Introduction
Chapter 29. Penicillins and Cephalosporins
Objectives
Key Terms
PathophysiologyAntibacterial Drugs
Penicillins and Cephalosporins
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Chapter30. Macrolides, Tetracyclines, Aminoglycosides, and Fluoroquinolones
Objectives
Key Terms
Macrolides, Lincosamides, Glycopeptides, and Ketolides
Tetracyclines
Glycylcyclines
Aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolones (Quinolones)
Lipopeptides
Unclassified Antibacterial Drugs
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Chapter 31. Sulfonamides
Objectives
Key Terms
Sulfonamides
Key Website
Critical Thinking Case Study
Unit X: Additional Antiinfective Agents
Introduction
Chapter 32. Antituberculars, Antifungals, Peptides, and Metronidazole
Objectives
Key TermsTuberculosis
Antitubercular Drugs
Antifungal Drugs
Peptides
Metronidazole
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Chapter 33. Antivirals, Antimalarials, and Anthelmintics
Objectives
Key Terms
Viruses
Vaccines
Diagnostic Tests for Influenza
Antiviral Non-HIV Drugs
Antiviral HIV Drugs
Antimalarial Drugs
Anthelmintic Drugs
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Chapter 34. Drugs for Urinary Tract Disorders
Objectives
Key Terms
Urinary Antiseptics/Antiinfectives and Antibiotics
Urinary Analgesics
Urinary Stimulants
Urinary Antispasmodics/Antimuscarinics
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case StudyUnit XI: Immunologic Agents
Introduction
Immune System Structure
Immune System Function
Chapter 35. HIV- and AIDS-Related Drugs
Objectives
Key Terms
HIV Infection: Pathophysiology
HIV Life Cycle
HIV Transmission
Laboratory Testing
Classification
Treatment Goals
Indications for Antiretroviral Therapy
Classes of Antiretroviral Medications
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
Nurse's Role in Antiretroviral Therapy
Opportunistic Infections
Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnancy
Occupational Exposure to HIV and Postexposure Prophylaxis
HIV Prevention Breakthroughs
Key Websites
Critical Thinking Case Study
Chapter 36. Vaccines
Objectives
Key Terms
Active Immunity
Passive ImmunityVaccine-Preventable Diseases
Childhood Immunizations
Adult Immunizations
Immunization before International Travel
Reporting of Diseases and Adverse Reactions
Varicella Vaccine
Newer Developments and the Future of Vaccines
Key Web