Pediatric Urology E-Book , livre ebook

PEDIATRIC UROLOGY
Second Edition

John P. Gearhart, MD, FAAP, FACS, FRCS (Hon) (Ed)
Professor and Chief of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

Richard C. Rink, MD, FAAP, FACS
Robert A. Garrett Professor of Pediatric Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Chief, Pediatric Urology, James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana

Pierre D.E. Mouriquand, MD, FRCS (Eng), EFAPU
Professor of Pediatric Urology, Claude-Bernard University, Head of Department of Pediatric Urology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Mére-Enfants, Lyon, France
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Notice
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our knowledge, changes in practice, treatment and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner, relying on his or her own experience and knowledge of the patient, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the Editors assumes any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of the material contained in this book.
The Publisher
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Pediatric urology / [edited by] John P. Gearhart, Richard C. Rink, Pierre D.E. Mouriqand. — 2nd ed. p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Pediatric urology—Case studies. 2. Pediatric urology—Problems, exercises, etc. I. Gearhart, John P. II. Rink, Richard C. III. Mouriquand, Pierre D. E.
[DNLM: 1. Urologic Diseases. 2. Child. 3. Female Urogenital Diseases. 4. Male Urogenital Diseases. 5. Urogenital System. WS 320 P37533 2010]
RJ466.C54 2010
618.92’6--dc22
2009005819
Acquisitions Editor: Stefanie Jewell-Thomas
Developmental Editor: Colleen McGonigal
Publishing Services Manager: Frank Polizzano
Project Manager: Rachel Miller
Design Direction: Lou Forgione
Illustration Direction: Kari Wszolek
Printed in China
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Dedication
To my wonderful wife, Susan, and Baby Grace, who make coming home early my daily goal. I will always be grateful to my teachers and role models, Roy Witherington, J. Herbert Johnston, Patrick C. Walsh, and Robert Douglas Jeffs.

John P. Gearhart, MD
To my wife, Kanda, and my children, Andy and Stephanie, who have been a constant source of love and support, and to my brother Larry, who has shown the way. I am forever grateful for the encouragement and teachings of my mentors—Alan Retik, Hardy Hendren, and Mike Mitchell—and the support of my present and past partners, as well as my former residents and fellows. I dearly miss my first mentor, Dr. John Donohue, and my brother Skip, both of whom we lost this past year.

Richard C. Rink, MD
To my wife, Jessica, my children, David and Caroline, and stepchildren, Emma and Sophie: Thank you for your patience and love.
To the memory of my father, Claude, who left us in November 2008: He held my hand along beautiful paths.
To Philip Ransley, David Frank, and Maggie Godley, who are my essential companions.
To Captain and his indestructible joy of life.

Pierre D.E. Mouriquand, MD
CONTRIBUTORS

Mark C. Adams, MD, Professor, Urology and Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Pediatric Urology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, Chapter 57: Augmentation Cystoplasty

Sharon Phillips Andreoli, MD, Professor of Pediatrics, James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children and Indiana University School of Medicine; Byron P. and Frances D. Hollett, Professor of Pediatrics, Director, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana Chapter 18: Glomerulonephritis in Children , Chapter 46: Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease in Children

Darius J. Bägli, MDCM, FRCSC, FAAP, FACS, Associate Professor, Department of Urology, University of Toronto; Associate Surgeon in Chief, Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada, Chapter 53: Adrenal Tumors in Children

Linda A. Baker, MD, Professor, Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology, and Director of Pediatric Urology Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, Chapter 43: Cryptorchidism

G.M. Barker, MD, FRCS (PAEDS), Consultant Urologist, Uppsala University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Chapter 27: Pathophysiology of Bladder Dysfunction

Lorenzo Biassoni, MSc, FRCP, FEBNM, Honorary Senior Lecturer, Institute of Child Health, University College London; Consultant in Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom, Chapter 8: Radioisotope Imaging of the Kidney and Urinary Tract

David Bloom, MD, Chair, Department of Urology, and Jack Lapides Professor of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, C. S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Chapter 60: Injectable Bulking Agents in the Treatment of Pediatric Urinary Incontinence

Guy A. Bogaert, MD, PhD, Full Professor, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Clinical Chief, Pediatric Urology, and Medical Manager, Ambulatory Surgery Center, Leuven University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium, Chapter 34: Urethral Duplication and Other Urethral Anomalies

Claire Bouvattier, MD, MCU, Paris Descartes University; PH, Cochin-Saint Vincent de Paul, Paris, France, Chapter 35: Disorders of Sex Development: Endocrine Aspects

Berk Burgu, MD, FEAPU, Clinical Instructor, Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Division of Pediatric Urology, Ankara, Turkey, Chapter 43: Cryptorchidism , Chapter 51: Rhabdomyosarcoma

Mark P. Cain, MD, FAAP, Professor of Urology, Department of Urology, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, Chapter 56: Incontinent and Continent Urinary Diversion

Anthony A. Caldamone, MD, MMS, FAAP, FACS, Professor of Surgery (Urology) and Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Chief of Pediatric Urology, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, Chapter 32: Prune-Belly Syndrome

Anthony J. Casale, MD, Professor and Chairman, Department of Urology, University of Louisville School of Medicine; Chief of Urology, Kosair Children's Hospital, University of Louisville Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky, Chapter 55: Urinary Tract Trauma

Marc Cendron, MD, Associate Professor of Surgery (Urology), Harvard School of Medicine; Attending Pediatric Urologist, The Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachussetts, Chapter 42: Disorders of the Penis and Scrotum

George Chiang, MD, Assistant Clinical Professor of Surgery (Urology), University of San Diego; Attending Pediatric Urologist, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, Chapter 42: Disorders of the Penis and Scrotum

Lyn S. Chitty, PhD, MBBS, MRCOG, Reader in Genetics and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health and Unit of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Child Health, University College Hospital London, London, United Kingdom, Chapter 4: Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Renal Abnormalities

Bernard M. Churchill, MD, FRCS(C), FAAP, Judith and Robert Winston Chair in Pediatric Urology, and Director of Wendy and Ken Ruby Fund for Academic Excellence in Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles; Director, Clark-Morrison Children's Urological Center, The Mattel Children's Hospital at the Ronald Reagan Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, Chapter 20: Ureteropelvic Junction Anomalies: Congenital Ureteropelvic Junction Problems in Children

Bartley G. Cilento, Jr., MD, MPH, Assistant Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Assistant in Urology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, Chapter 31: Bladder Diverticula, Urachal Anomalies, and Other Uncommon Anomalies of the Bladder

Clare E. Close, MD, Associate Clinical Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada, Chapter 33: Posterior Urethral Valves

Christopher S. Cooper, MD, Professor, University of Iowa Department of Urology; Associate Dean, Student Affairs and Curriculum, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine; Director, Pediatric Urology, University of Iowa and the Children's Hospital of Iowa, Iowa