Nutritional Foundations and Clinical Applications - E-Book , livre ebook

Nutritional Foundations
and Clinical Applications
A NURSING APPROACH
SIXTH EDITION
Michele Grodner, EdD, CHES
Professor
Department of Public Health
William Paterson University
Wayne, New Jersey
Sylvia Escott-Stump, MA, RD, LDN
President, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2011-2012
Director, Dietetic Internship
East Carolina University
Greenville, North Carolina
Suzanne Dorner BSN, RN, CCRN
Clinical Nurse
Medical Intensive Care Unit
Tampa General Hospital
Tampa, FloridaTable of Contents
Cover image
Title Page
Copyright
Inside Front Cover
Dedication
Acknowledgments
Special Acknowledgments
Reviewers
Preface
Audience
Approach
Features And Content
Teaching and Learning Resources
Part One Wellness, Nutrition, and the Nursing Role
Chapter 1 Wellness Nutrition
Role in Wellness
Definition of Health
Definition of Wellness
Health Promotion
Disease Prevention Through Nutrition
Health LiteracyOverview of Nutrients within the Body
Food, Energy, and Nutrients
Dietary Standards
Adequate Eating Patterns
Toward a Positive Nutrition Lifestyle: Self-Efficacy
Summary
Websites of Interest
References
Chapter 2 Personal and Community Nutrition
Role in Wellness
Personal Nutrition
Community Nutrition
Food Guides
“Fruits & Veggies—More Matters”
Consumer Food Decision Making
Consumer Information and Wellness
Toward a Positive Nutrition Lifestyle: Locus of Control
Summary
Websites of Interest
References
Part Two Nutrients, Food, and Health
Chapter 3 Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism
Role in Wellness
Digestion
Absorption
Metabolism
Toward a Positive Nutrition Lifestyle: Contracting
Summary
Websites of InterestReferences
Chapter 4 Carbohydrates
Role in Wellness
Food Sources
Carbohydrate as a Nutrient Within the Body
Simple Carbohydrates
Complex Carbohydrates: Polysaccharides
Food Sources and Issues
Toward a Positive Nutrition Lifestyle: Tailoring
Summary
Websites of Interest
References
Chapter 5 Fats
Role in Wellness
Functions
Structure and Sources of Lipids
Fats as a Nutrient in the Body
Fat Intake and Issues
Toward a Positive Nutrition Lifestyle: Gradual Reduction
Summary
Websites of Interest
References
Chapter 6 Protein
Role in Wellness
Structure of Protein
Protein as a Nutrient in the Body
Functions
Food Sources
VegetarianismDietary Patterns of Protein
Protein and Malnutrition
Toward a Positive Nutrition Lifestyle: Chaining
Summary
Websites of Interest
References
Chapter 7 Vitamins
Role in Wellness
Vitamin Categories
Food Sources
Water–Soluble Vitamins
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Americans and Vitamin Supplementation
Toward a Positive Nutrition Lifestyle: Social Support
Summary
Websites of Interest
References
Chapter 8 Water and Minerals
Role in Wellness
Water
Minerals
Major Minerals
Electrolytes: Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride
Trace Minerals
Toward a Positive Nutrition Lifestyle: Projecting
Summary
Websites of Interest
References
Part Three Health Promotion Through Nutrition and Nursing PracticeChapter 9 Energy, Weight, and Fitness
Role in Wellness
Energy
Energy Balance
Healthy Weight
Healthy Body Fat
Regulation of Body Fat Level
Nutrition : Weight Essentials
Nutrition: Fitness Essentials
Food and Athletic Performance
Role of Nurses
Toward a Positive Nutrition Lifestyle: Explanatory Style
Summary
Websites of Interest
References
Chapter 10 Nutrition Across the Life Span
Role in Wellness
Nutrition during Pregnancy
Nutrition during Lactation
Nutrition during Infancy
Nutrition Health Promotion: Pregnancy, Lactation, and Infancy
Nutrition during Childhood
Nutrition Health Promotion: Childhood (1 to 12 Years)
Nutrition during Adolescence
Nutrition Health Promotion: Adolescence
Nutrition-Related Concerns of Childhood and Adolescence
Nutrition during Adulthood
Nutrition Health Promotion: Adulthood
Toward a Positive Nutrition Lifestyle: Rationalizing
SummaryWebsites of Interest
References
Part Four Overview of Nutrition Therapy
Chapter 11 Nutrition Assessment and Patient Care
Nutrition in Disease Management
The Nutrition Team
Nutrition Risk and Malnutrition
Nutrition Care Process
Summary
 Critical Thinking
Websites of Interest
NCMND Center of Excellence for Nutritional Genomics, University of California,
Davis
References
Chapter 12 Food-Related Issues
Dimensions of Health
Dietary Modifications
Diet Orders
Other Food Considerations
Summary
 Critical Thinking #1*
 Critical Thinking #2
Websites of Interest
References
Chapter 13 Nutrition for Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Dimensions of GI Health
Common Digestive Disorders
Esophageal Disorders
Hiatal Hernia and EsophagitisStomach Disorders
Intestinal Disorders
Summary
 Critical Thinking
Websites of Interest
References
Chapter 14 Nutrition for Disorders of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas
Nutrition in Liver Health
Liver Disorders
Gallbladder Disorders
Pancreatic Disorders
Summary
 Critical Thinking*
Websites of Interest
References
Chapter 15 Nutrition for Diabetes Mellitus
Wellness and Diabetes
Definition
Classification
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Management of Diabetes
Special Considerations
Diabetes Management Through the Life Span
Summary
 Critical Thinking
Websites of Interest
References
Chapter 16 Nutrition in Metabolic StressMetabolic Response to Stress
Immune System and Inflammation
The Stress Response
Surgery and Trauma
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Burns (Thermal Injury)
Summary
 Critical Thinking
Websites of Interest
References
Chapter 17 Nutrition for Cardiopulmonary Diseases
Heart and Lung Health
Cardiovascular Diseases
Myocardial Infarction
Hypertension
Heart Failure
Role of Nursing
Pulmonary Diseases
Summary
 Critical Thinking
Websites of Interest
References
Chapter 18 Nutrition for Diseases of the Kidneys
The Kidney in Health
Kidney Function
Nephrotic Syndrome
Acute Renal Failure
Chronic Kidney Disease
HemodialysisPeritoneal Dialysis
Renal Transplantation
Renal Calculi
Summary
 Critical Thinking
Websites of Interest
References
Chapter 19 Nutrition for Neuro-Psychiatric Disorders
Nutrition in Brain Health
Neurologic Disorders
Psychiatric Conditions
Depression
Summary
Websites of Interest
 Critical Thinking
References
Chapter 20 Nutrition in Cancer and HIV/AIDS
Medical Stress and Wellness
Nutrition Assessment in Cancer and HIV/AIDS
Cancer
HIV Infection and AIDS
Summary
 Critical Thinking #1*
 Critical Thinking #2
Websites of Interest
References
Glossary
IndexInside Back CoverCopyright
3251 Riverport Lane
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NUTRITIONAL FOUNDATIONS AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS: ISBN:
978-0323-24210-3
A NURSING APPROACH
Copyright © 2016 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Previous editions copyrighted 1996, 2000, 2004, 2007, 2012
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Grodner, Michele.
 Nutritional foundations and clinical applications: a nursing approach / Michele
Grodner, Sylvia Escott-Stump, Suzanne Dorner. — 6th ed.
  p. ; cm. Rev. ed. of: Nutritional foundations and clinical applications: a nursing approach /
Michele Grodner, Sara Long, Bonnie C. Walkingshaw. 5th ed. c2014.
 Includes bibliographical references and index.
 ISBN 978-0-323-24210-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Diet therapy. 2. Nutrition. 3. 
Nursing. I. Escott-Stump, Sylvia. II. Dorner, Suzanne III. Grodner, Michele.
Foundations and clinical applications of nutrition. IV. Title.
 [DNLM: 1. Diet Therapy—methods—Nurses' Instruction. 2. Nutritional
Physiological Phenomena—Nurses' Instruction. WB 400]
 RM216.G946 2012
 615.8′54—dc22
     2010035542
Director, Traditional Education: Kristin Geen
Sr. Content Development Specialist: Lisa P. Newton
Publishing Services Manager: Deborah L. Vogel
Project Manager: Pat Costigan
Design Direction: Brian Salisbury
Printed in China
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1Inside Front Cover
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs): Estimated Average Requirements
Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academies
VitLife RiboVit A Vit E Niacin Vit B FolateCalcium CHO Protein Vit C Vit D Thiamin 6Stage flavin B12a b c d(mg/d) (g/d) (g/kg/d) (mg/d) (µg/d) (mg/d)(µg/d) (mg/d) (mg/d) (mg/d) (µg/d)Group (mg/d) (µg/d)
Infants
0 to
6  mo
6 to 12 1.0
mo
Children
1-3  y 500 100 0.87 210 13 10 5 0.4 0.4 5 0.4 120 0.7
4-8  y 800 100 0.76 275 22 10 6 0.5 0.5 6 0.5 160 1.0
Males
9-13  y 1,100 100 0.76 445 39 10 9 0.7 0.8 9 0.8 250 1.5
14-18  y 1,100 100 0.73 630 63 10 12 1.0 12 1.1 330 2.0
19-30  y 800 100 0.66 625 75 10 12 1.0 12 1.1 320 2.0
31-50