Negotiating death in contemporary health and social care , livre ebook

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Once regarded as taboo, it is now claimed that we are a death-obsessed society. The face of death in the 21st century, brought about by cultural and demographic change and advances in medical technology, presents health and social care practitioners with new challenges and dilemmas. By focusing on predominant patterns of dying; global images of death; shifting boundaries between the public and the private; and cultural pluralism, the author looks at the way death is handled in contemporary society and the sensitive ethical and practical dilemmas facing nurses, social workers, doctors and chaplains. This book brings together perspectives from social science, health-care and pastoral theology to assist the reader in understanding and negotiating this 'new death'. End-of-life care and old age, changing funeral and burial practices, new stigmas such as drug-related bereavements, are highlighted, and theories of dying and bereavement re-examined in their context. The concluding chapters incorporate recent case studies into an exploration of the meanings and shape of holistic and integrated care. Students interested in death studies from a sociological and cultural viewpoint as well as health and social care practitioners, will benefit from its critical appraisal and application of the established knowledge base to contemporary practices and ethical debates.
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23 octobre 2007

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9781447342540

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English

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4 Mo

NEGOTIATING DEATH in contemporary health and social care
MARGARET HOLLOWAY
NEGOTIATING DEATH IN CONTEMPORARY HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE
Margaret Holloway
Fŝ pûbŝé  Géà Bà  2007 by Policy Pressec:foifiremnacroNAht Policy฀ Press University of Bristol c/oTheUniversityofChicagoPress 1-9 Old Park Hill 1427East60thStreet Bristol BS2 8BB Chicago,IL60637,USA UK t:+17737027700 t: +44 (0)117 954 5940 f:+1773-702-9756 e: pp-info@bristol.ac.uk e:sales@press.uchicago.edu www.policypress.co.uk www.press.uchicago.edu © Màgàé Hôôày 2007 Bŝ bày Cààôgûg  Pûbçàô Dàà A çààôgûé éçô ô ŝ bôôk ŝ àvààbé ô é Bŝ bày. bày ô Côgéŝŝ Cààôgg--Pûbçàô Dàà A çààôg éçô ô ŝ bôôk àŝ béé éqûéŝé.
ïSBN 978 14473 4254 0 EPDF
Té g ô Màgàé Hôôày ô bé éîé àŝ é àûô ô ŝ ôk àŝ béé àŝŝéé by é  àççôàçé  é 1988 Côpyg, Déŝgŝ à Pàéŝ Aç. A gŝ éŝévé: ô pà ô ŝ pûbçàô ày bé épôûçé, ŝôé  à éévà ŝyŝé, ô àŝé  ày ô ô by ày éàŝ, ééçôç, éçàçà, pôôçôpyg, éçôg, ô ôéŝé ôû é pô péŝŝô ô Té Pôçy Péŝŝ.
Té ŝàééŝ à ôpôŝ çôàé  ŝ pûbçàô àé ŝôéy ôŝé ô é àûô à ô ô Té Uvéŝy ô Bŝô ô Té Pôçy Péŝŝ. Té Uvéŝy ô Bŝô à Té Pôçy Péŝŝ ŝçà éŝpôŝby ô ày jûy ô péŝôŝ ô pôpéy éŝûg ô ày àéà pûbŝé  ŝ pûbçàô. Té Pôçy Péŝŝ ôkŝ ô çôûé ŝçàô ô gôûŝ ô géé, àçé, ŝàby, àgé à ŝéXûày. Côvé éŝg by Qûbé Déŝg Aŝŝôçàéŝ, Bŝô Front cover:pôôgàp ŝûppé by k péŝŝô ô Sô Cààûô.
The Laughing Buddha
Béŝé é pô  ôû gàé ŝ à ŝàûéé ô à àûgg Bûà. Hé ŝàŝ  àŝ ŝéçé ûpàŝ  jôyôûŝ çéébàô. EXçép à ôé à ŝ bôké, é ŝŝg péçé éŝg ô é gôû éX ô ŝ éé.Wé é àççé àppéé, ï àŝké y ûŝbà ô ŝçk é péçé bàçk ô. Nôçg à é épà é ûôé ô ŝôé çôŝéàbé péô ô é, ï éqûé àŝ ô éé éé àŝ à pôbé. ‘ï qûé ké  ké à’, àŝ é éŝpôŝé. Ové é ï àvé çôé ô àgéé  .Té ôûé àûgg Bûà ŝpéàkŝ ô jôy éàçg ôûg pà, ô ŝévéé çôéçôŝ évéééŝŝ ŝûŝàé. ï àŝ ôé ô ŝày à é pééç ôé.
List of tables and figures Acknowledgements
one
two
three
four
Death in late modernity
Death in late modernity Introduction Causes and patterns of death Death in the UK Globalisation of death Shifting boundaries between the public and the private Cultural pluralism Conclusion
Contemporary health and social care Introduction History of care of the dying Care management The health and social care interface Initiatives in palliative care Conclusion
Understanding death and dying Introduction Beliefs, ritual and symbolism Modern death The revival of death Attitudes and beliefs about death Dying Conclusion
Understanding bereavement and grief Introduction Attachment and loss Stage theories Dual process Continuing bonds Complicated grief Meaning-making Special deaths Grief across cultures Conclusion
Contents
vii viii
1 1 4 5 13 15 18 20
21 21 22 24 25 28 34
37 37 38 42 46 49 57 62
65 65 67 69 74 75 76 80 83 87 90
v
Negotiating death in contemporary health and social care
five
six
seven
eight
Dying in the twentyfirst century Introduction Philosophies and ethos of care Euthanasia and assisted dying Conclusion
Dying and bereavement in old age Introduction Death in old age in the UK The ‘dying phase’ of life Care at the end of life Bereavement and grief in old age Conclusion
The aftermath of death Introduction Funerals Burial and cremation Memorials Conclusion
Integrating theories and practices Introduction The context of late modernity Applying theory to practice Holistic approaches In conclusion – negotiating death
References Index
vi
93 93 94 106 115
119 119 120 122 125 136 143
145 145 146 154 160 162
165 165 166 170 177 181
183 209
Death in late modernity
List of tables and figures
Tables 1.1 Variations across the UK 1.2 Peak ages and proportion of deaths in age group 1.3 Merging of the public and the private in funerals 1.4 Public and private aspects of care 3.1 Typology of concepts of death 3.2 Kostenbaum’s values by which people live 3.3 Contemporary stances on death 4.1 Stage theories 4.2 Worden’s affects of grief 4.3 Special deaths 4.4 Special deaths of late modernity 6.1 Elderly deaths 2004 by, gender 6.2 Selected specific causes of death where elderly deaths form high proportion of total deaths 8.1 Typology of death – disciplinary focus
Figures 1.1 Death rates in the UK 2004, by age and gender 1.2 Death rates aged under one year, by Government Office Region 1.3 Death rates at older ages, by Government Office Region 1.4 Cause of death in the UK by gender 1.5 Major causes of death in younger people 2004 1.6 Major causes of death in older age groups 2004 1.7 Place of death 2004 1.8 Main places of death, by age group and gender 1.9 Place of death, by age group 6.1 Causes of death 2004, by age group and gender 6.2 Causes of death in the elderly in relation to deaths at all ages 6.3 Places of death, by age group 8.1 Bereavement as psychosocial-existential transition
6 10 17 18 52 56 57 70 77 83 87 120
122 170
5 6 7 8 9 9 11 12 12 121 121 126 171
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Negotiating death in contemporary health and social care
Acknowledgements
Mày péôpé àé ôé y éépéŝ àkŝ ô é ép à ŝûppô. Bû ô é ŝŝéçé ô é àé Jô Càpg ŝ bôôk g évé àvé béé é. Sûé Aàŝô, Bé Fé à Jéàéé Gçŝ ûéôôk é çôpééŝvé éàûé ŝéàçéŝ ç pôvé é ôûàô ô Càpéŝ Fvé, SX à Sévé. Sûé Aàŝô ŝ ôé éŝpéçà gàûé ô çôpg é ôày ŝàŝçŝ çôàé  Càpéŝ Oé à SX. Jô Céàŝéy, Jàé Déà, Aé Egŝ, Màûéé Géôgé, Jô Géŝpé, Rû Hûé, Eàé ôgéy,Tàçéy Ové,Wéy Pçé, Péà Và é Zà, J Wàŝéy à Bé Zyç gééôûŝy pôvé é  à ç ŝôûçé ô ûp-ô-àé çàŝé àéà à ŝàé é pôéŝŝôà ŝévéŝ  géà ôéŝy.Tàkŝ àé àŝô ûé ô Jû Hôgŝô ô é ééŝŝ éûŝàŝ ô é pôjéç. My çôéàgûéŝ à é Uvéŝy ô Hû gééôûŝy àôé é é, à àŝ bû by ô éàŝ éàŝ, y ày àvé béé ééŝŝy pàé  y péàŝ ô bé é àôé! ï ï àvé ôé jûŝçé ô é à, ï à gà. ï àûŝ éà, éy àé é àôé.
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Introduction
Death in late modernity
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Death in late modernity
ï éé àŝ ô bé à éàŝô ô àôé bôôk ô éà, yg à bééàvéé,  ŝ ŝ: à ŝûbjéç ç ŝ ô ééŝŝ ŝgîçàçé ô ûà bégŝ àŝ vûàŝ, évéééŝŝ ŝ éXpééçé  à ŝôçà çôéX, à à çôéX ŝ çàgg àpy, évéŝby à, ŝôé ôû àgûé, ûàéày. Héà à ŝôçà çàé pàçôéŝ àé bô àféçé by éŝé çàgéŝ ô à péŝôà évé à àŝ pôéŝŝôàŝ ûŝ égôàé é ôé à àŝk ô àké àççôû ô ŝ çàgg ŝçéé. ï ày bé ûé à éà ŝ à ûvéŝà ûà éXpééçé à  ŝ ŝéŝé é géà évéé, bû  évéy ôé éŝpéç  ŝééŝ à yg à bééàvéé ô ûp à çôpéX éŝ ô ŝŝûéŝ ûqûé ô é vûà, yé ŝàpé by pévàg ŝôçà, pôçà, égà, éçôôç, pôŝôpçà, égôûŝ à çûûà péàvéŝ.Té ôvéàçg éé ô ŝ bôôk ŝ à pôçéŝŝ ô égôàô; ŝ qûéŝ ŝ é ŝéàç ô à kôégé bàŝé ç ŝ éévà à à pàççé àéôk ç ŝ ‘î ô pûpôŝé’  çôépôày éà à ŝôçà çàé ŝégŝ.Téé ŝ ôé pçpà àô çôçég é ŝçôpé ô é bôôk ç ûŝ bé àçkôégé à é ôûŝé. Néé gôbà çôéX ô çûûà vààô çà bé çôvéé éXàûŝvéy àôûg bô àé kéy ééŝ  é àgûé à éàôà éXàpéŝ à ûçûûà éééçéŝ àé ôvé ôûgôû.Téé ŝ àéy ŝôég ô à ôçûŝ ô é UK bû  ŝ ô bé ôpé à ŝ ŝévéŝ ô pôvé à -ép ŝàg pô àé à éXçûŝvé ŝçûŝŝô. ï ŝ pôçéŝŝ ô ‘égôàg éà’  ŝ é çôéX ô é éy-îŝ çéûy ç éééŝ é pévàg àûéŝ ô éà, é pàççéŝ çéàé ô àk ŝ ôççûéçé à é àççôôàô ô é éXpééçéŝ ô yg à bééàvéé. Téé àé vûà, ŝôçéà à ŝpéçîç çôûy éŝôŝ ô à çôéX, éàç ô ç àkéŝ ŝ ô véy pàçûà çôbûô ô à ày bé éé é ‘ààgéé’ ô éà à yg. Té vûà àkéŝ ŝ ô é ûqûé éŝpôŝé ô à éôôà, pŝyçôôgçà à ŝpûà évé. Tŝ éŝpôŝé ŝ ŝàpé à éàé by é ŝôçéy  ç é vûà ŝ ôçàé,  ŝ çûûà, égôûŝ à béàvôûà ôŝ – à ô ç é ô bé éàkàby péŝçbé éé éà ŝ çôçéé. Téŝé ŝôçà ôŝ é ô bé çôvéyé à pgé ûpô é vûà ôûg é éŝpôŝé ô é éàé çôûy – àôûg é éàvé Lûéçé ô ŝôçéy à çôûy  féé évôéŝ ŝ ôé ô é ŝŝûéŝ  ç é àé çôçéé. Aŝ vûàŝ é vàôûŝy éLéç ŝûç Lûéçéŝ. Aŝ pàçôéŝ, é éé ô ûéŝà é  à béà à ép ç à éXéŝ ôû péŝôà péŝpéçvé.Tŝ çôpéX çôéX Lûéçéŝ à pàçôéŝ éé àbé ô àk àbôû, à ô,
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