Mosby's Orthodontic Review - E-Book , livre ebook

Mosby's Orthodontic Review
Second Edition
Jeryl D. English, DDS, MS
Professor, Chairman, and Program Director, Department of Orthodontics, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, Texas
Sercan Akyalcin, DDS, MS, PhD
W. Bonham Magness, D.D.S. Endowed Professor, Department of Orthodontics, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, Texas
Timo Peltomäki, DDS, MS, PhD
Professor, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Chairman, Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
Kate Litschel, DDS, MS
Private Practice, Woodbridge, Virginia
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Preface
Who is the intended audience for this book?
What is unique about the format of this book?
How is this book organized?
What is on the accompanying website?
Who are the contributors and why were they asked to participate?
Note from the Editor
Chapter 1: Craniofacial Growth and Development
1 At what ages do most children enter adolescence, and when do they attain peak height velocity?
2 What is the mid-childhood growth spurt, and how does it apply to craniofacial growth?
3 Which skeletal indicators are most closely associated with peak height velocity?
4 What is the equilibrium theory of tooth position?
5 What is the prevalence of Class II dental malocclusion among adolescents and young adults living in the United States?
6 What is the prevalence of incisor crowding among individuals living in the United States, and how does it change with age?
7 What is the prevalence of Class III dental malocclusion among adolescents and young adults living in the United States?
8 Skeletally, are Class III dental malocclusions primarily a problem of maxillary or mandibular growth?
9 Do the third molars play a role in determining crowding?
10 Does horizontal or vertical mandibular growth affect crowding?
11 How much should the maxillary and mandibular incisors and molars be expected to erupt during adolescence?
12 How does untreated arch perimeter change between the late primary dentition and the permanent dentition?
13 How do untreated maxillary and mandibular intermolar widths change during childhood and adolescence?
14 Without treatment, how do maxillary and mandibular arch depths change during childhood and adolescence?
15 How do untreated maxillary and mandibular intercanine widths change over time?
16 What differences exist in intermolar widths between subjects with normal and Class II malocclusion?
17 Which craniofacial structures might be expected to be the least mature and show the greatest relative growth between 5 and 17 years of age?
18 What sex differences exist in facial heights during infancy, childhood, and adolescence?
19 What sex differences exist in mandibular size and position during infancy, childhood, and adolescence?
20 What craniofacial features characterize the morphology of hyperdivergent (skeletal open-bite) patients?
21 Which aspects of the maxilla and mandible undergo an adolescent growth spurt?
22 How much change is expected in the anteroposterior maxillomandibular relationships of Caucasians during adolescence?
23 Does the mandible undergo transverse rotation like the maxilla? If so, how are the two related?
24 Does the glenoid fossa change its position during postnatal growth?
25 How much and in what direction should condylion and gonion be expected to grow and remodel during childhood and adolescence?
26 How does the bony chin remodel during childhood and adolescence?
27 At what age might the craniofacial sutures be expected to start closing?
28 How much do lip length and thickness change during childhood and adolescence?
29 Does the soft-tissue facial profile change during childhood and adolescence?
30 How does the nose change shape during childhood and adolescence?
31 According to present evidence, when does growth of the craniofacial skeleton cease?
32 How does the mandible rotate during adulthood?
33 What generally happens to the nose during adulthood?
34 What generally happens to the upper lip length during adulthood?
35 How does the soft-tissue profile change during adulthood?
Chapter 2: Development of the Occlusion
1 What are the stages of tooth development?
2 What are the stages of tooth eruption?
3 What are the eruption timing and sequence of primary teeth?
4 What are typical features of primary dentition?
5 What is the terminal plane, and what are the different terminal plane relationships in the primary dentition?
6 What does the terminal plane relationship of the primary second molars predict on the permanent molar relationships?
7 How is Angle’s classification of occlusion defined?
8 What are the eruption timing and sequence of permanent teeth?
9 When does the mineralization of the permanent teeth occur?
10 How do the initial location and size of the permanent incisors compare with the primary teeth?
11 How is the space deficit between the primary and permanent incisors solved?
12 Is anterior spacing common once permanent incisors have erupted?
13 What are nonsuccedaneous teeth, and how is space secured for them?
14 What is leeway space, and what is its importance?
15 Is the eruption sequence of teeth important?
16 What changes occur in the dental arch length during occlusal development?
17 What changes occur in the dental arch width during occlusal development?
18 What changes occur in the dentition once permanent teeth (excluding wisdom teeth) have erupted?
19 Do wisdom teeth play a role in the lower anterior crowding?
20 What are the most common reasons for interference with normal tooth eruption?
21 What is tooth ankylosis, and what is its clinical significance?
22 What is ectopic eruption?
23 What are eruption problems of the upper permanent canines?
24 What is a typical eruption problem of the second permanent molars?
25 Which factors have an effect on tooth position?
26 What is the relationship between occlusal development and facial growth?
27 When is occlusal development completed, and can possible continued occlusal development cause adverse effects when teeth are replaced by dental implants?
28 Can individuals be found with variations in the number of teeth?
29 How common is hypodontia, and which teeth are most often affected?
30 Can hypodontia be associated with other dental anomalies?
31 How common is hyperdontia?
32 Does variation in tooth size have an effect on occlusion?
Chapter 3: Appropriate Timing for Correction of Malocclusions
1 What is early treatment, and at what age is early treatment indicated?
2 What is the appropriate timing for the treatment of an anterior crossbite with a functional shift (pseudo Class III)?
3 What is the appropriate timing for treatment of a skeletal Class III malocclusion, and what kind of treatment is involved?
4 What is the timing of treatment for a Class II malocclusion, and what kind of treatment is involved?
5 What is the timing of treatment for a posterior crossbite with a lateral functional shift, and what kind of treatment is involved?
6 What is the timing for treatment for bilateral posterior crossbite without a functional shift, and what kind of treatment is involved?
7 Is early treatment indicated for a skeletal open bite, and what kind of treatment is involved?
8 What is the appropriate timing for treatment of a digit-sucking habit, and what kind of treatment is involved?
9 What is the appropriate timing for correction of anterior crowding?
10 When should you treat impacted teeth and supernumerary teeth?
11 Why and when should you consider space-regaining procedures in the mixed dentition?
12 What is the appropriate timing for orthognathic surgery?
Chapter 4: Orthodontic Records and Case Evaluation
Clinical Examination
Orthodontic Models
Orthodontic Radiographs
Orthodontic Photographs
Chapter 5: Three-Dimensional Imaging in Orthodontics
1 Imaging techniques and devices—what do these mean to the orthodontist?
2 What does it mean to have a 3D image, and how is it obtained?
3 What is a possible classification of these devices?
4 What are some clinical applications?
5 What types of analyses are available?
6 Where are we with this technology?
7 Are there limitations in the systems?
8 What are the costs involved?
9 What is the best clinical setting for the different imaging devices?
10 Are there medicolegal issues with these devices?
11 What does the future hold?
Chapter 6: Diagnosis of Orthodontic Problems
Diagnostic Database
Summary
Chapter 7: Orthodontic Appliances
1 What is a fixed orthodontic appliance?
2 What characteristics should fixed orthodontic brackets or appliances exhibit?
3 When and by whom was the edgewise appliance introduced to the discipline of orthodontics?
4 Which appliance preceded the edgewise appliance?
5 Why did Angle develop the pin and tube appliance?
6 Which appliance did Angle develop in 1915 to replace the cumbersome pin and tube appliance?
7 Which modern appliance is based on the ribbon arch appliance?