Mental Health Nursing E-Book , livre ebook

Table of Contents

Cover image
Front matter
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Abbreviations

Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 2. The mental health service user
Chapter 3. History of mental health nursing and psychiatry
Chapter 4. Race, culture and ethnicity in mental health care
Chapter 5. Schizophrenia
Chapter 6. Mood disorders
Chapter 7. Psychosocial interventions
Chapter 8. Medication management
Chapter 9. ‘Dual diagnosis’
Chapter 10. Inpatient nursing
Chapter 11. Panic, phobias and obsessive compulsive disorder
Chapter 12. Eating disorders
Chapter 13. Post-traumatic disorders
Chapter 14. Assessment and management of risk
Chapter 15. Mental health in primary care
Chapter 16. Child and adolescent difficulties
Chapter 17. Mental health and older people
Chapter 18. Physical health and severe mental illness
Chapter 19. Computerised self-help and information technology
Chapter 20. Alternatives to traditional mental health treatments
Chapter 21. Forensic nursing
Index
Front matter
Mental Health Nursing
For Elsevier:
Commissioning Editor: Steven Black
Development Editor: Sheila Black
Project Manager: Andrew Palfreyman
Design Direction: George Ajayi

Mental Health Nursing
An evidence-based approach
Robert Newell BSc PhD RGN RMN RNT ENB650, Professor of Nursing Research, School of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
Kevin Gournay CBE FRCPsych(Hon) FMedSci FRCN AFBPsS DSc(Hon) PhD CPsychol RN ENB650, Emeritus Professor, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
Copyright

An imprint of Elsevier Limited
© Elsevier Limited 2000
© 2009, Elsevier Limited. All rights reserved.
The right of Robert Newell and Kevin Gournay to be identified as editors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Publishers. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier's Health Sciences Rights Department, 1600 John F. Kennedy Boulevard, Suite 1800, Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899, USA: phone: (+1) 215 239 3804; fax: (+1) 215 239 3805; or, e-mail: healthpermissions@elsevier.com . You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage ( http://www.elsevier.com ), by selecting ‘Support and contact’ and then ‘Copyright and Permission’.
First edition 2000
ISBN 978-0-443-07451-6
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

Notice

Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our knowledge, changes in practice, treatment and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner, relying on their own experience and knowledge of the patient, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the Editors assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising out or related to any use of the material contained in this book.
The Publisher
Printed in China
Contributors
Peter Campbell, BA(Hons)

London
Jayne Fox, BSc DipCBPT RMN

Programme Manager (Education), Northern Ireland Clinical & Social Care Governance Support Team, Belfast, UK
Lina Gega, BN(Hons) BA(Hons) RMN ENB650

Lecturer in Mental Health School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia Norwich, UK
Kevin Gournay, CBE FRCPsych (Hon) FMedSci FRCN AFBPsS DSc (Hon) PhD CPsychol RN

Emeritus Professor, Institute of Psychiatry King's College, London, UK
Richard Gray, BSc (Hons) MSc DipHE PhD DLSHTM RN

Senior Lecturer in Mental Health Nursing, Institute of Psychiatry King's College, London and The South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
Miriam Grover, BSc (Hons) MSc(CBT) PGDipCBT PGCE RGN RMN

Outpatient Services Team Leader, Eating Disorders Outpatients Department, Maudsley Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Mark N Haddad, PhD MSc(Epid) BSc(Hons) RGN RMN

MRC Clinical Research Fellow, Department of Health Service & Population Research, PO28 Institute of Psychiatry King's College, London, UK
Elizabeth Hughes, BSc(Hons) PhD DipHE(MHN)

Principal Research Fellow, Centre for Clinical and Academic Workforce Innovation, University of Lincoln, Mansfield, UK
Peter Huxley, BA(Hons) MSc PhD CQSW

Professor of Social Work and Social Care, Centre for Social Work and Social Care Research, School of Human Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
Sheena Liness

CBT Therapist, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
Karina Lovell

Head of Mental Health Research, Mental Health Division School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, Manchester, UK
Zenobia Nadirshaw, BSc MA PhD CPsychol CSci AFBPS

Head of Psychology, Kensington & Chelsea NHS Primary Care Trust, London Professor of Learning Disabilities, Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, Thames Valley University London, UK
Rob Newell, PhD RGN RMN RNT ENB650

Professor of Nursing Research School of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
Peter Nolan, PhD MEd BA(Hons) BEd(Hons) RMN RGN DN RNT

Professor of Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Staffordshire, University Stafford, UK
Susan E Plummer, PhD MSc(Epid) BA RGN RMN

Department of Health Service & Population Research PO28, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
Debbie Robson, MSc BSc (Hons) RN

Programme Leader & Research Nurse in Medication Management, Section of Psychiatric Nursing P030, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London London, UK
Paul Rogers, MSc(Econ) PhD Dip CBT RN Cert ENB650

Professor of Forensic Nursing, Faculty of Health, Sport & Science, University of Glamorgan, Broadmoor Hospital and Caswell Clinic, Pontypridd, UK
Ulrike Schmidt

Psychiatric Eating Disorders P059, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
Cate Simmons, MSc RGN RMN

Community CAMHS Manager, Local Care Centre, Plymouth, UK
Janet Treasure

Psychiatric Eating Disorders P059, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
Panos Vostanis, MB MD MRCPsych

Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Greenwood Institute of Child Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
Preface
R N and K G

Bradford and London 2008
This book is the second edition of Mental Health Nursing: An Evidence-based Approach . We first had the idea for such a textbook in the mid-1990s, and its first edition was published in the year 2000. At that time, there was a dearth of evidence-based mental health books, evidence more generally, and appreciation by clinicians of what evidence there was. The first edition of Mental Health Nursing: An Evidence-based Approach was an attempt to address these shortcomings in the evidence base for practice. At that time, we believed there was a considerable amount of exhortation to nurses regarding supposed best practice that was largely unsubstantiated. Indeed, much of this practice had found its way both into clinical settings and the training and education of mental health nurses at all levels. Moreover, nurses themselves took comparatively little responsibility for either the generation of evidence for practice or the critical evaluation of such evidence.
The picture was not all gloomy, however, and we noted that mental health nurses had, in the past, often been at the forefront of criticising care based on inadequate evidence, often to the detriment of their own careers. It was also true that nursing was beginning to take an active part in the creation of evidence for its practice. Today, we can certainly affirm that the amount and availability of good evidence has substantially increased since 2000, and we discuss this in more detail in our introductory chapter. It is also noteworthy that critical appraisal of evidence is now an important feature of all pre-registration nursing curricula, including mental health. As practising educators, we have often doubted the extent to which this has contained the rigour we would wish for, given the many competing elements within the curriculum, but, even so, its very inclusion is a testament to the rising profile of evidence as a guide to practice.
We also wish the reader to note that we have also used our clinical experience to ensure that the chapter material is based on real, rather than theoretical, perspectives and we are very much aware of the enormous challenges which arise today, when putting evidence into everyday clinical practice. We realise that nurses, wherever they work, are faced with the perennial difficulties of a shortage of resources and sometimes attitudes which are not conducive to change. Nevertheless we suggest, very strongly, that one should see the drive to implement evidence as a process of attrition rather than revolution!
While the changes in respect of critical appraisal since the first edition of this text have been substantial, equally crucial is the change in the profile of nurse researchers. It is not simply that their numbers have increased, nor even that they have risen to positions where they are setting, rather than following research agendas, although both these facts are important. Rather, it is the consequence of these two facts which repres