McRae's Orthopaedic Trauma and Emergency Fracture Management , livre ebook

McRae's Orthopaedic Trauma and Emergency Fracture Management
Third Edition
Timothy O White
BMedSci, MBChB, FRCSEd (Tr & Orth), MD
Consultant Orthopaedic Trauma Surgeon,
Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh;
Honorary Senior Lecturer in the Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery,
University of Edinburgh
Samuel P Mackenzie
BMedSci, MBChB, MRCSEd
Specialty Trainee in Trauma and Orthopaedics,
Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh;
Honorary Teaching Fellow,
University of Edinburgh
Alasdair J Gray
MBChB, FRCS, FCEM, MD
Consultant in Accident and Emergency Medicine,
Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh;
College Professor of Emergency Medicine,
University of Edinburgh
Illustrated by Robert Britton

Edinburgh London New York Oxford Philadelphia St Louis Sydney Toronto 2016
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Ronald McRae (1926-2012)
Copyright
Preface
Dedications and acknowledgements
Contributors
Part 1 General Principles
1 Fractures and fracture management
2 Management of the injured patient
3 Limb-threatening injuries
4 Closed management of fractures
Orthoses
5 Operative management of fractures
6 Musculoskeletal infection and joint aspiration
7 Complications
Part 2 Specific Injuries by Region
8 Shoulder girdle
9 Humerus
10 Elbow
11 Forearm
12 Wrist and carpus
13 Hand
Metacarpal Fractures
Phalangeal Fractures
Dislocations
Soft Tissue Injuries of the Hand
Hand Infections
14 Spine
Major Spinal Injuries
Minor Spinal Injuries
Other Spinal Pathology
15 Pelvis
16 Acetabulum
17 Hip
18 Femur
Distal femoral (supracondylar) fractures
19 Knee
20 Tibia
21 Ankle
Pilon fractures
Ankle sprains
Achilles tendon rupture
Peroneal tendon dislocation
22 Foot
23 Principles of paediatric trauma
24 Upper limb paediatric trauma
Shoulder Girdle
Elbow
Lateral Condylar Fractures
Medial Condylar Fractures
Medial Epicondylar Fractures
Elbow Dislocation
Olecranon Fractures
Radial Head and Neck Fractures
Forearm
Wrist
Hand and Carpus
25 Lower limb paediatric trauma
Pelvis and Acetabulum
Hip
Hip Dislocation
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Femur
Knee
Ankle
Foot
Index
Ronald McRae (1926-2012)
Ronald McRae was a consultant surgeon who wrote several outstanding practical handbooks on orthopaedics and fracture management that have been used by medical students and trainee surgeons around the world.
Born in Ayrshire in Scotland, he went on to study medicine at Glasgow University, graduating in 1949. He served as a commissioned medical officer in the Royal Air Force, working mostly in Ely, Cambridgeshire, which met the accident and orthopaedic needs of both servicemen and their families. There he dealt with difficult cases invalided back to the UK from the Middle and Far East, such as polio victims in iron lungs, neglected compound fractures sustained in hostile environments, and cases of bone and joint tuberculosis before the introduction of streptomycin.
When he left the Armed Forces, he returned to Glasgow and was eventually appointed consultant orthopaedic surgeon at the city's Southern General Hospital. The hospital was the first in Scotland to carry out hip replacement surgery and he was closely involved in this development. Given the location of the hospital, he found himself treating accident victims from the numerous local shipyards and the construction of the Clyde Tunnel. While working at the Southern General, he became a lecturer in anatomy at the Glasgow School of Chiropody. His ground-breaking teaching methods later earned him an Honorary Fellowship of the Society of Chiropodists. Following involvement in the treatment of victims of the 1971 Ibrox disaster, he helped develop the principles of major incident trauma management.
Ronald McRae had a love of all things mechanical, which was encouraged by his grandfather, who, like his six brothers, was a marine engineer. Ron established a workshop at his home in Nithsdale Road, Glasgow, where he used his engineering skills to design and make specialised tools to assist in particularly challenging operations, as well as teaching aids. He also built a range of scale models, including an exhibition-quality beam engine, and several gauge 1 live steam locomotives, which he ran on a small track outside his home. This passion continued during his retirement in Gourock.
Ronald McRae was charged with the responsibility of setting up an orthopaedic teaching programme for medical students, something he greatly enjoyed. He became interested in many aspects of teaching technology, and derived great pleasure whenever a teaching aid that he had produced was proved successful. As part of this programme, he prepared scores of hand-out notes for the undergraduates, produced on a Roneo duplicating machine with many small drawings, each accompanied by a brief text. It was these drawings and accompanying texts that were to form the basis of his best-selling orthopaedic textbooks, which were widely translated. They were also the inspiration behind this book, which closely follows the principles and ideas established by Ronald McRae.
Copyright

2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher's permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions .
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
Originally published as Pocketbook of Orthopaedics and Fractures by Ronald McRae
First edition 1999
Second edition 2006
Third edition 2016
ISBN 978-0-7020-5728-1
International ISBN 978-0-7020-5730-4

Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
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Printed in Poland
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Preface
The care of the injured patient is a rewarding and fascinating specialty, requiring an understanding of an unparalleled range of anatomy and physiology, practical procedures and surgical techniques. Skilled, coordinated management is vital; trauma is the principal cause of death and disability in the young, while the epidemic of fragility fractures grows inexorably. As trainees, we looked to Ronald McRae's iconic handbook as the authoritative guide to fracture management, with its clear visual depictions and succinct text. In this Third Edition, we have sought to emulate his didactic style whilst re-writing the text and redrawing the illustrations completely, aiming to provide a cutting-edge, contemporary and comprehensive text that covers the full range of musculoskeletal emergencies.
While no single volume can hope to be exhaustive, we hope this vade mecum will be a source of clear and immediate reference to the doctor or extended-scope practitioner in the Emergency Department or fracture clinic, as much as to the orthopaedic surgical trainee on call, on the ward or in the operating theatre.
TOW
SPM
AJG
Dedications and acknowledgements
To Ishbel, Calum, Katie and James for all their love and support, especially during the writing of this book, to my mother Liz and late father Ian, and with thanks to my mentors and colleagues in Edinburgh and Vancouver.
TOW
This book is for my parents, John and Norma. Everything that I have, and everything that I am, is because of them.
SPM
We would like to thank a number of our colleagues who have kindly reviewed the contents of some of the chapters and have provided invaluable advice. While their suggestions have improved the text, any errors remain our own. In particular, we thank CM Robinson (Shoulder girdle chapter), JT Reid (Elbow chapter), P Bates (Pelvis and Acetabulum chapters), A Watts (Wrist and carpus chapter), A McLullich ( Trauma in the elderly in the Management of the injured patient chapter), A Duckworth (Wrist and carpus chapter) and CW Oliver (Hand chapter).
TOW
SPM
AJG
Contributors
Emily J Baird MBChB, FRCS (Tr & Orth), MFSTEd , C