Mathematics for the Clinical Laboratory - E-Book , livre ebook

Mathematics for the Clinical Laboratory
Third Edition
Lorraine J. Doucette, MS, MLS (ASCP) CM
Associate Professor
Medical Laboratory Technician Program Coordinator
Anne Arundel Community College
Arnold, Maryland
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Reviewers
Preface
Organization
Distinctive Features of this Book
New Features Include:
Note to the Student
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1 Basic Arithmetic, Rounding Numbers, and Significant Figures
Basic Arithmetic
Rounding Numbers
Significant Figures
Working with Significant Figures
Example Problems
Practice Problems
Chapter 2 Scientific Notation and Logarithms
Exponents and Scientific Notation
Logarithms
Example Problems
Practice Problems
Appendix 2-A Logarithm Table
Chapter 3 Systems of Measurement
Measurement of Length, Weight, and Mass
Measurement of Temperature
Example Problems
Practice Problems
Chapter 4 Dilutions and Titers
Simple Dilutions
How to Make Dilutions When the Total Volume is Determined
Dilution Variations
Diluted Specimen Values
Dilutions Versus Ratios
Serial Dilutions and Tube Dilutions
Titers
Example Problems
Practice Problems
Chapter 5 Calculations Associated with Solutions
Molarity
Normality
Interconversion between Molarity and Normality
Molality
Interconversion between Units
Percent Solutions
Anhydrous Versus Hydrous Solutions
Density Calculations
Concentration Calculations
Example Problems
Practice Problems
Chapter 6 Clinical Chemistry Laboratory
Spectrophotometry
End-Point Versus Kinetic Reactions
Enzyme Kinetics
Buffer Calculations
Acid-Base Calculations
Acid-Base Disorders
Anion Gap
Calculated Osmolality and Osmolality Gap
Lipid Calculations
Additional Clinical Chemistry Calculations
Example Problems
Practice Problems
Bibliography
Chapter 7 Urinalysis Laboratory
Urine Tests
Corrections Used for the Refractometer
Quantitative Chemical Analyses
Renal Function Tests
Example Problems
Practice Problems
Bibliography
Chapter 8 Hematology Laboratory
Rule of Three
Red Blood Cell Indices
Correction of the WBC Count for Nucleated RBCs
Cell Counting by the Hemacytometer Method
Body Fluids
Reticulocyte Count
Osmotic Fragility
International Normalized Ratio
Example Problems
Practice Problems
Bibliography
Chapter 9 Immunohematology Laboratory
Calculations Associated with the Medical Effects of Transfusion Services
Rh Incompatibility
Monitoring Pregnant Patients for Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn (HDFN) Using Antibody Titration
Screening for Probable Compatible Units
Example Problems
Practice Problems
Bibliography
Chapter 10 Microbiology Laboratory
Colony Counts
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
Example Problems
Practice Problems
Bibliography
Appendix 10-A Macrotube Broths
Appendix 10-B Preparing a 0.5 McFarland Standard
Chapter 11 Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory
Common Units of Measurements Used in the Clinical Molecular Laboratory
Conversions Commonly Performed in a Clinical Molecular Laboratory
Absorbance to Concentration Calculations
Example Problems
Practice Problems
Molecular Biology Resources
Chapter 12 Quality Assurance in the Clinical Laboratory: Basic Statistical Concepts
Mean
Median
Mode
Gaussian Distribution
Accuracy Versus Precision
Variance
Standard Deviation
Probabilities Associated with Standard Deviation
Establishing Standard Deviation Limits, Standard Deviation Intervals, or Confidence Intervals
Coefficient of Variation
Example Problems
Practice Problems
Bibliography
Chapter 13 Quality Assurance and Quality Control in the Clinical Laboratory
Basic Quality Assurance Concepts
Quality Control Assessment
Westgard Multirules
Example Problems
Practice Problems
Bibliography
Appendix 13-A Regulatory Considerations
Chapter 14 Comprehensive Laboratory Quality Assurance
CLIA Requirements for Comprehensive Laboratory Quality Assurance for Nonwaived Methods
Determination of the Diagnostic Value of a Method
CLIA Requirements for Instrument/Method Quality Assurance
Determination of Reportable Range or Linearity of a Method
Verification of Reference Intervals
Proficiency Testing
Example Problems
Practice Problems
Bibliography
Appendix 14-A
Appendix 14-B CLIA '88 Criteria for Acceptable Performance
Appendix 14-C
Greek Alphabet Appendix
Math Terms Glossary
Answer Key
Answers to Chapter 1 Practice Problems
Answers to Chapter 2 Practice Problems
Answers to Chapter 3 Practice Problems
Answers to Chapter 4 Practice Problems
Answers to Chapter 5 Practice Problems
Answers to Chapter 6 Practice Problems
Answers to Chapter 7 Practice Problems
Answers to Chapter 8 Practice Problems
Answers to Chapter 9 Practice Problems
Answers to Chapter 10 Practice Problems
Answers to Chapter 11 Practice Problems
Answers to Chapter 12 Practice Problems
Answers to Chapter 13 Practice Problems
Answers to Chapter 14 Practice Problems
Index
Copyright

3251 Riverport Lane
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MATHEMATICS FOR THE CLINICAL LABORATORY, THIRD EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-33996-4
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Notices
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Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
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Previous editions copyrighted 2011, 1997.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Doucette, Lorraine J., author.
Mathematics for the clinical laboratory / Lorraine J. Doucette.-Third edition.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-323-33996-4 (pbk. : alk. paper)
I. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Clinical Laboratory Techniques. 2. Mathematics. 3. Quality Control. QT 35]
RB38.3
616.07'50151-dc23
2015016844
Executive Content Strategist: Kellie White
Content Development Manager: Jean Sims Fornango
Publishing Services Manager: Jeff Patterson
Senior Project Manager: Tracey Schriefer
Design Direction: Julia Dummitt
Printed in Canada
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Reviewers
Mary Ruth Beckham MEd, MT(ASCP)
Director, Program in Clinical Laboratory Science Baylor, Scott & White Health Temple, Texas
Mary Coleman MS, MLS(ASCP) CM , SH(ASCP) CM , CG(ASCP) CM
Assistant Professor Department of Medical Laboratory Science University of North Dakota Grand Forks, North Dakota
Katherine Davis MS, MT(ASCP), CLS
CLS Program Director, Assistant Professor Loma Linda University-School of Allied Health Professions Loma Linda, California
Marcella Fickbohm MS, MT(ASCP)
Medical Laboratory Technology Program Coordinator Manhattan Area Technical College Manhattan, Kansas
Shawn Marie Froelich MS, MLS(ASCP)
Clinical Coordinator, Assistant Professor Allen Coll