Introduction to Research - E-Book , livre ebook

Introduction to Research
Understanding and Applying Multiple Strategies
Fifth Edition
Elizabeth DePoy, PhD, MSW, OTR
Professor, Interdisciplinary Disability Studies and Social Work
Cooperating Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Cooperating Faculty
School of Policy and International Affairs
University of Maine, Orono, Maine
Senior Research Fellow, Ono Academic College
Research Institute for Health and Medical Professions
Laura N. Gitlin, PhD
Professor, School of Nursing and School of Medicine
Director, Center for Innovative Care in Aging
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Dedication
Foreword to Third Edition
Preface
Part I Introduction
Introduction
Chapter 1 Research as an Important Way of Knowing
What Is Research?
What Research Is Not
When and Why Is Research Necessary and Useful?
Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 2 Essentials of Research
Ten Essentials of Research
Ethical Considerations
Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 3 Research Ethics
Ethics of Knowledge Generation and Use in Professional and Personal Lives
Principles for Protecting Human Subjects2
Belmont Report
Informed Consent Process
Involving Vulnerable Populations
Specialized Oversight of Experimental-Type Designs
Summary
Exercises
References
Part II Thinking Processes
Introduction
Chapter 4 Philosophical Foundations
Research Traditions
Philosophical Foundations of Experimental-Type Research
Philosophical Foundations of Naturalistic Inquiry
Philosophical Foundations of Mixed Methods
Integrating the Two Research Traditions-Mixed Methods
Implications of Philosophical Differences for Design
Selecting a Research Tradition and Design Strategy
Practical Considerations
Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 5 Framing the Problem
Identifying a Topic
Framing a Research Problem
Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 6 Developing a Knowledge Base Through Literature and Resources
Why Review the Literature?
How to Conduct a Literature Search
Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 7 Theory in Research
Why Is Theory Important?
What Is Theory?
Role of Theory in Design Selection
Theory in Experimental-Type Research
Theory in Naturalistic Inquiry
Theory Use in Mixed Methods
Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 8 Formulating Research Questions and Queries
Research Questions in Experimental-Type Design
Research Queries in Naturalistic Inquiry
Integrating Research Approaches
Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 9 Language and Thinking Processes
Experimental-Type Language and Thinking Processes
Naturalistic Language and Thinking Processes
Mixed Method Approaches
Summary
Exercises
References
Part III Design Approaches
Introduction
Chapter 10 Experimental-Type Designs
True-Experimental Designs
True-Experimental Design Variations
Quasi-experimental Designs
Pre-experimental Designs
Nonexperimental Designs
Experimental-Type Meta-analysis
Epidemiology
Clinical Trial Methodology
Criteria for Selecting Appropriate and Adequate Experimental-Type Designs
Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 11 Naturalistic Designs
Endogenous Research
Participatory Action Research
Critical Theory
Phenomenology
Heuristic Research
Ethnography
Narrative Inquiry
Life History
Object Reading
Grounded Theory
Naturalistic Meta-analysis
Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 12 Mixed Method Designs
Approaches to Mixing Methods
Design Sequence
Summary
Exercises
References
Part IV Action Processes
Introduction
Chapter 13 Setting the Boundaries of a Study
Mixing Boundary Setting Methods
Why Set Boundaries to a Study?
Implications of Boundary Setting
Specifying the Scope of Participation
General Guidelines for Bounding Studies
Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 14 Boundary Setting in Experimental-Type Designs
Sampling Process
Probability Sampling
Nonprobability Methods
Comparing Sample to Population
Determining Sample Size
Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 15 Boundary Setting in Naturalistic Designs
Ways of Setting Boundaries
The Process of Setting Boundaries
Ethical Considerations
Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 16 Collecting Information
Principles of Information Collection
Looking, Watching, Listening, Reading, and Recording
Asking
Obtaining and Examining Materials
Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 17 Collecting Data Through Measurement in Experimental-Type Research
Measurement Process
Measurement Scales
Confidence in Instruments
Considerations in Selecting a Measure
Constructing an Instrument
Administering the Instrument
A Few Words About Big Data
Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 18 Gathering Information in Naturalistic Inquiry
Four Information-Gathering Principles
Information-Gathering Process
Information-Gathering Strategies
Recording Information
Accuracy in Collecting Information
Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 19 Preparing and Organizing Data
Managing Data in Experimental-Type Research
Managing Data in Naturalistic Inquiry
Practical Considerations
Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 20 Statistical Analysis for Experimental-Type Designs
What Is Statistical Analysis?
Some Words About Mixed Methods
Level 1: Descriptive Statistics
Level 2: Drawing Inferences
Level 3: Associations and Relationships
Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 21 Analysis in Naturalistic Inquiry
Some Words About Mixed Methods
Strategies and Stages in Naturalistic Analysis
Stage One: Inception of a Study
Stage Two: Formal Report Preparation
Examples of Analytical Processes in Diverse Naturalistic Designs
Accuracy and Rigor in Analysis
Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 22 Sharing Research Knowledge Before the Study
Reasons for Sharing Before Engagement
Where to Seek Support for a Research Idea
Who Reads a Proposal?
Writing a Research Proposal
Special Considerations
Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 23 Sharing Research Knowledge During and After the Study
Crafting a Report
Experimental-Type Reporting
Specific Reporting Requirements
Preparing Tables and Figures
Preparing a Naturalistic Report
Preparing a Mixed Method Report
Accessibility
Linguistic Sensitivity
Integrity of Presentation
Summary
Exercises
References
Part V Improving Practice Through Inquiry
Introduction
Chapter 24 Reciprocal Role of Research and Practice
Evidence-Based Practice
Evaluation and Examined Practice
Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 25 Stories From the Field
Soup to Nuts
Just Beginning
What Did You Expect?
In Search of Significance!
Is Health Care Effective?
Does This Work for You?
A Good Research Subject
A Bad Research Subject
Literacy Is Not Literacy
Native American?
The Pearson, or the Moral of the Coding Story
If You Can't Deliver, Don't Ask
Don't Ask If You're Not Prepared to Answer
No Detail Too Small
Inductive? No Way
Wow, You Got It!
References
Glossary
Index
Appendix
Caregiver Permission
Sample Informed Consent
Sample Informed Consent
Sample Informed Consent
Sample Informed Consent
Sample Informed Consent
Sample of Informed Consent Policy
Informed Consent Checklist
Sample Informed Consent Form
Description of Audiotape, Photography, Videotape or Film
Application for Approval of Research With Human Subjects
Sample: Data Encryption Requirement
Copyright

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INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH: UNDERSTANDING AND APPLYING MULTIPLE STRATEGIES, 5TH EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323261715
Copyright 2016 by Elsevier Inc.
Copyright 2011, 2005, 1998, 1993 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
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Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
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