Hunter's Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Disease E-Book , livre ebook

Hunter’s Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases
Ninth Edition

Alan J. Magill, MD, MACP, FIDSA, FASTMH
COL US Army (retired)
Emeritus, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
Associate Professor of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Associate Professor of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA

David R. Hill, MD, DTM & H, FRCP, FFTM (RCPS Glasg), FASTMH
Professor of Medical Sciences, Director of Global Public Health, Frank H. Netter MD, School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, USA

Tom Solomon, BA, FRCP, DCH, DTMH, PhD
Professor of Neurological Science, Honorary Professor of Medical Microbiology, Director, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool
Director, Walton Neuro-Centre NHS, Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK

Edward T. Ryan, MD, FACP, FIDSA, FASTMH
Professor of Medicine, Harvard University
Director, Tropical Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Saunders
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Acknowledgements
Copyright
Preface
List of Contributors
Part 1: Clinical Practice in the Tropics
Section A: Organ-Based Chapters
Chapter 1: Tropical Lung Diseases
Introduction
Pneumonia
Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Bronchiectasis, Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Pleural Effusion
Nontuberculous Granulomatous Lung Disease
Occupational and Dust Lung Diseases
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
Common Syndromes of Cardiovascular Disease in the Tropics
Pediatric Consideration: Congenital Heart Disease
Chapter 3: Gastrointestinal Diseases
Presentations
Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Anatomic Differentials
Gastrointestinal Diseases in Patients with HIV/AIDS
Chapter 4: Hepatobiliary Diseases
Introduction
Approach to Liver Disease
Hepatitis and Jaundice (Table 4-2 and Fig. 4.1)
Vascular Liver Disease (see Table 4-2)
Focal Liver Lesions (Table 4-4)
HIV and the Liver (Table 4-5)
Chapter 5: Hematologic Diseases
Anemia
Enzymopathies
White Cell Disorders
Disorders of Hemostasis
Chapter 6: Urinary Tract Diseases
Investigations
Urine Microscopy
Key Syndromes
Chapter 7: Sexually Transmitted Infections
STIs in Developing Countries
Interactions Between HIV and Other STIs
Clinical Management of STIs
Key Syndromes
Control of STIs
Chapter 8: Tropical Dermatology
Vesicles/Bullae
Vascular Papules and Nodules (Angiomatous Lesions)
Petechiae and Purpura
Ulcers/Verrucous Plaques
Subcutaneous Mycoses
Deep Mycoses
Painless Papules
Painful Papules/Urticaria
Pruritus and Papules
Pruritus without Primary Skin Lesions
Hypopigmentation/DEPIGMENTATION
Morbilliform Exanthems
Papulosquamous and Eczematoid Lesions
Erythroderma
Icthyosis
Serpiginous Lesions
Edema
Cachexia – Nutritional Deficiencies
Chapter 9: Ophthalmological Diseases
Introduction
Differential Diagnosis of the Painful, Red Eye – Key Syndromes
Chronic Diseases
Chapter 10: Neurologic Diseases
Meningism and Meningitis
Encephalopathy and Encephalitis
Epilepsy
Dementia and Cognitive Impairment
Hemiparesis
Peripheral Nerve and Muscle Syndromes
Chapter 11: Psychiatric Diseases
Getting Organized
Culture and Mental Health
Assessment
Assessment and Differential Diagnosis of Common Syndromes (Box 11.1)
Management of Patients With Psychiatric Illness
Chapter 12: ENT
Global Burden of ENT Diseases
Deafness and Hearing Impairment
Cleft Lip and Palate
Nose and Throat Infections
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Chapter 13: Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System
Introduction
Trauma and Injury
Orthopedic Infections
Pediatric Conditions
Age-Related Conditions
Section B: Skills-Based Chapters
Chapter 14: General Surgery in the Tropics
Introduction
Practical Aspects of Surgery in RPAs
An Overview of Surgical Practice in the Tropics
Topics of Interest to Surgeons and Non-Surgeons
Conclusion
Chapter 15: Oral Health and Disease in the Tropics
Introduction
Background Information
Examining the Oro-Maxillo-Facial Complex
Dental Caries
Oral Mucosal Lesions Including Oral Cancer, Other Tumors and Noma
Oro-Maxillo-Facial Trauma
Chapter 16: Maternal and Newborn Health
General Introduction
Maternal Mortality
Causes of Maternal Mortality—Why Do Women Die?
Neonatal Mortality
Strategies to Reduce Maternal and Newborn Mortality and Morbidity
Chapter 17: Pediatrics in a Resource-constrained Setting
Preventive Schemes
Chapter 18: Disasters, Complex Emergencies, and Population Displacement
The Health Effects of Complex Emergencies
The Health Response
Summary
Section C: Service-Based Chapters
Chapter 19: Diagnostic Imaging in the Tropics
Introduction
Equipment and Service Development
Personnel
The Imaging of Tropical Diseases
Chapter 20: Blood Transfusion in Resource-limited Settings
Introduction
Blood Supply and Safety
Clinical Use of Blood Transfusion
Chapter 21: Infection Control in the Tropics
Special Problems of the Tropics
Basics of Infection Control
Chapter 22.1: Microbiology
Introduction
The Need for Laboratory Services
What Are the Problems for Laboratory Services?
What Can Be Done to Improve Laboratory Services?
The Importance of Biosafety
What Tests Should Be Available?
Conclusion
Chapter 22.2: Approach to the Patient with Diarrhea
Key Syndromes
Clinical Evaluation
Laboratory Investigations
Management and Outcomes
Section D: Topic-Based Chapters
Chapter 23: Cancer in the Tropics
Introduction
Cancer Causes and Control
Management of Cancer
Chapter 24: Heat-associated Illness
Definition
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Assessment and Investigations
Diagnosis
Management and Outcomes
Chapter 25: Traditional Medicine
Definition
General Principles
Why Is It Important for Physicians in the Tropics to Know About Traditional Medicine?
Effectiveness
Safety of Traditional Medicine
Traditional and Modern Health Systems—The Need for Cooperation
Development of New Drugs and Treatments; Intellectual Property Rights
Clinical Scenarios
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Chapter 26: Environmental Health Hazards in the Tropics
Introduction
Exposure Concepts
Major Environmental and Occupational Hazards
Recognition of Environmental and Occupational Hazards
Control and Reduction of Environmental and Occupational Hazards
Part 2: Viral Diseases
Introduction and General Principles
Introduction
Epidemiologic Considerations
Clinical Syndromes and Pathogenesis
Diagnostic Challenges
Opportunities for Treatment
Disease Control
Chapter 27: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis and Pathology
Manifestations and Management of HIV Infection and Complications of HIV Disease
Select Major Opportunistic Infections and Co-Infections
Select Major Clinical Syndromes
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
Initial Evaluation of the Newly Diagnosed Patient
Antiretroviral Therapy (Art)
Prevention
Chapter 27.1: HIV, Tuberculosis, Malaria and Streptococcus pneumoniae
HIV and Tuberculosis
HIV and Malaria
HIV and Streptococcus Pneumoniae
Chapter 28: Viral Infections with Cutaneous Lesions
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
Prevention and Treatment
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History and Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Prevention and Treatment
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
Prevention and Treatment
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
PREVENTION AND Treatment
Chapter 29: Viral Respiratory Infections
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History and Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Prevention and Treatment
Chapter 30: Viral Gastroenteritis
Introduction
Chapter 30.1: Rotavirus
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment and Prevention
Chapter 30.2: Norovirus
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis and Pathology
Clinical Feature