Genitourinary Imaging: The Requisites E-Book , livre ebook

Genitourinary Imaging
The Requisites
Third Edition
Ronald J. Zagoria, MD, FACR
Vice Chair, Clinical Affairs
Section Chief, Abdominal Imaging
Professor, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California
Raymond Dyer, MD
Professor of Radiology, Abdominal Imaging
Department of Radiology
Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Christopher Brady, MD
Assistant Professor of Radiology, Abdominal Imaging
Department of Radiology
Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
The Requisites Series
Series Editor
Titles in the Series
Copyright
Dedication
Foreword
Preface to the Second Edition
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1 An Introduction to Radiologic Methods
Radiographic Contrast Media
Radiologic Examinations
Ultrasonography
Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Angiography
Nuclear Medicine
Appendices
Suggested Readings
Chapter 2 The Kidney and Retroperitoneum: Anatomy and Congenital Abnormalities
Embryology
Classification of Congenital Renal Abnormalities
Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction
Normal Anatomy of the Retroperitoneum
Suggested Readings
Chapter 3 Renal Masses
Balls versus Beans
Detection
Classification of Renal Masses
Diagnostic Approach for Infiltrating Renal Lesions
Indeterminate Masses
Suggested Readings
Chapter 4 The Kidney: Diffuse Parenchymal Abnormalities
Small, Scarred Kidney
Unilateral Small, Smooth Kidney
Bilateral Small, Smooth Kidneys
Unilateral Smooth Renal Enlargement
Bilateral Renal Enlargement
Nephrocalcinosis
Imaging of Renal Failure
Renal Trauma
Suggested Readings
Chapter 5 The Renal Sinus, Pelvocalyceal System, and Ureter
Embryology and Anatomy
Computed Tomography Urography
The Renal Sinus
Pelvocalyceal System and the Ureter
Urolithiasis: Computed Tomography Imaging
Ureteral Filling Defects
Ureteral Trauma
Suggested Readings
Chapter 6 The Lower Urinary Tract
Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology
Diagnostic Examinations
Pathologic Conditions Affecting the Bladder
Pathologic Conditions Affecting the Urethra
Suggested Readings
Chapter 7 The Female Genital Tract
The Normal Female Reproductive Tract
Congenital Anomalies
Pelvic Pain
Ovarian Cyst
Infertility
Gynecologic Oncology
Suggested Readings
Chapter 8 The Male Genital Tract
Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology
Atraumatic Scrotal Pain, Enlargement, or Mass
Staging of Testicular Carcinoma
Traumatic Injury to the Scrotum
Undescended Testicle (Cryptorchidism)
Prostate Nodule or Enlargement
Staging of Prostatic Carcinoma
Prostatitis
Erectile Dysfunction
Suggested Readings
Chapter 9 Imaging of the Adrenal Glands
Embryology, Physiology, Anatomy, and Imaging
Masses of the Adrenal Gland
Selected Clinical Problems in Adrenal Imaging
Suggested Readings
Chapter 10 Interventional Genitourinary Radiology
Percutaneous Urinary Tract Procedures
Interventions in Infertility
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty
Percutaneous Vascular Occlusion
Uterine Artery Embolization for the Treatment of Leiomyomas
Suggested Readings
Index
The Requisites Series

Series Editor
James H. Thrall, MD
Radiologist-in-Chief Emeritus
Massachusetts General Hospital
Distinguished Juan M. Taveras Professor of Radiology
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts

Titles in the Series
Breast Imaging
Cardiac Imaging
Emergency Imaging
Gastrointestinal Imaging
Genitourinary Imaging
Musculoskeletal Imaging
Neuroradiolgoy Imaging
Nuclear Medicine
Pediatric Imaging
Thoracic Imaging
Ultrasound
Vascular and Interventional Imaging
Copyright

1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
GENITOURINARY IMAGING: THE REQUISITES, THIRD EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-05775-2
Copyright 2016 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher's permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).

Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
Previous edition copyrighted 2004, 1997.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Zagoria, Ronald J., author.
Genitourinary imaging : the requisites / Ron Zagoria, Raymond Dyer, Christopher Brady.-Third edition.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-323-05775-2 (hardcover : alk. paper)
I. Dyer, Raymond, author. II. Brady, Christopher, 1974- author. III. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Female Urogenital Diseases-diagnosis. 2. Male Urogenital Diseases-diagnosis. 3. Diagnostic Imaging-methods. WJ 141]
RC874
616.6 0757-dc23
2015001881
Content Strategist: Robin Carter
Content Development Specialist: Gabriela Benner
Publishing Services Manager: Patricia Tanian
Project Manager: Ted Rodgers
Designer: Xiaopei Chen
Printed in China
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Dedication
This book is dedicated to my wife, Kat Zagoria,
who exemplifies a truly giving person
and whose love and support have made me a better person.-RZ
Foreword
The series of textbooks encompassing The Requisites in Radiology series has flourished over the last 25 years due to the diligence and success of the authors in producing very high quality work. Genitourinary Imaging: The Requisites exemplifies this high standard and is now appearing in its third edition through leadership of Dr. Ronald Zagoria with co-authors Dr. Raymond Dyer and Dr. Christopher Brady.
With each new edition of the respective books in The Requisites in Radiology series, it is quite interesting to see and marvel at the magnitude of change in radiology practice that has occurred in the interval. This was certainly true from the first to the second editions of this book and is true again. Genitourinary radiology has continued to undergo substantial changes based on new technologies and new understanding of diseases and conditions of the genitourinary system. Ultrasound is even more established and is being used in new ways such as diagnosis of urinary tract stones. Dual energy computed tomography and multispectral computed tomography offer the ability to characterize calculi, aiding in diagnosis and also selection of appro priate therapy. MRI diffusion imaging and related methods are establishing roles in prostate cancer. The excre tory urogram or intravenous pyelogram is a historical curiosity.
One of the features of The Requisites series most appreciated in reader feedback is the use of tables and boxes to restate and summarize essential information in concise form. This reinforces the narrative discussion, and the liberal use of this approach again is an important feature of this book. In particular, important differential diagnoses and summaries of key findings in important diseases and conditions are included in summary form in each chapter.
Because radiology is fundamentally a visual specialty, the quality of illustrative material is also ex tremely important and is