Fetal Cardiovascular Imaging E-Book , livre ebook

Fetal Cardiovascular Imaging

Jack Rychik, MD
Director, Fetal Heart Program, Robert S. and Delores Harrington Endowed Chair in Pediatric Cardiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Zhiyun Tian, MD
Chief, Fetal Cardiovascular Imaging, Fetal Heart Program, Cardiac Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Clinical Associate of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Saunders
Front Matter

Fetal Cardiovascular Imaging
A Disease-Based Approach
Jack Rychik, MD
Director, Fetal Heart Program
Robert S. and Delores Harrington Endowed Chair in Pediatric Cardiology
The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
Professor of Pediatrics
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Zhiyun Tian, MD
Chief, Fetal Cardiovascular Imaging
Fetal Heart Program, Cardiac Center
The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
Clinical Associate of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Copyright

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FETAL CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING: A DISEASE-BASED APPROACH ISBN: 978-1-4160-3172-7
Copyright © 2012 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Fetal cardiovascular imaging : a disease based approach / editors, Jack Rychik, Zhiyun Tian.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4160-3172-7 (hardcover: alk. paper)
1. Fetal heart–Ultrasonic imaging. 2. Congenital heart disease–Diagnosis. I. Rychik, Jack, 1959- II. Tian, Zhiyun.
[DNLM: 1. Fetal Heart–anatomy & histology. 2. Fetal Heart–ultrasonography. 3. Heart Defects, Congenital–ultrasonography. 4. Image Processing, Computer-Assisted–methods. 5. Ultrasonography, Prenatal–methods. WQ 209]
RG628.3.E34F47 2011
618.3′261–dc23
2011023509
Editor: Natasha Andjelkovic
Developmental Editor: Julia Bartz
Editorial Assistant: Brad McIlwain
Publishing Services Manager: Pat Joiner-Myers
Designer: Steven Stave
Marketing Manager: Cara Jespersen
Printed in China
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contributors

Meryl S. Cohen, MD , Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Medical Director, Echocardiography Laboratory, and Associate Director, Cardiology Fellowship Program, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Atrioventricular Canal Defects ; Heterotaxy Syndrome and Complex Single Ventricle

Sarah M. Cohen, MPH , Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centers, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
Three- and Four-Dimensional Imaging in Fetal Echocardiography

Karl Degenhardt, MD, PhD , Clinical Associate, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Pediatric Cardiologist, Division of Cardiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Embryology of the Cardiovascular System

Denise Donaghue, RN, MSN , Coordinator, Fetal Heart Program, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Counseling and Support for the Family Carrying a Fetus with Cardiovascular Disease

Mark A. Fogel, MD , Professor of Cardiology and Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Director of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance, Division of Cardiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Anatomical and Functional Fetal Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging: An Emerging Technology

Jennifer Glatz, MD , Clinical Associate, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Pediatric Cardiologist, Division of Cardiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Aortopulmonary Window ; Double-Inlet Left Ventricle

Max Godfrey, BSc (Hons), MBBS , Fellow in Pediatric Cardiology, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikvah, Israel
The Fetal Circulation

Donna A. Goff, MD, MS , Instructor, University of Pennsylvania; Senior Imaging Fellow, Fetal Heart Program, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Cardiac Masses and Tumors ; Twin Reverse Arterial Perfusion

David J. Goldberg, MD , Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Attending, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Ventricular Septal Defects ; Atrial Septal Defects ; Aortic Stenosis

Shobha Natarajan, MD , Assistant Clinical Professor, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Attending Cardiologist, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Malalignment of Conal Septum with Arch Obstruction ; Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries

Matthew J. O’Connor, MD , Fellow, Pediatric Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Fellow, Pediatric Cardiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Arrhythmias in the Fetus

Michael D. Quartermain, MD , Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Transposition of the Great Arteries ; Double-Outlet Right Ventricle ; Coarctation of the Aorta

Lindsay Rogers, MD , Instructor in Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Fellow, Pediatric Cardiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Aortic Stenosis and Mitral Valve Dysplasia Syndrome

Jack Rychik, MD , Director, Fetal Heart Program, Robert S. and Delores Harrington Endowed Chair in Pediatric Cardiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
The Fetal Circulation ; The Fetal Cardiovascular Examination ; Prenatal Practice Care Model and Delivery of the Fetus with Cardiovascular Disease ; Counseling and Support for the Family Carrying a Fetus with Cardiovascular Disease ; Congenital Absence of Aortic Valve Leaflets ; Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome ; Aortic Stenosis and Mitral Valve Dysplasia Syndrome ; Echo “Bright” Spot in the Heart ; Ectopia Cordis ; Diverticulum or Aneurysm of the Ventricle ; Conjoined Twins ; Fetal Cardiomyopathy ; Abnormalities of the Ductus Arteriosus ; Agenesis of the Ductus Venosus ; Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome ; Sacrococcygeal Teratoma ; Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation ; Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation ; Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation ; Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Maully J. Shah, MBBS , Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Director, Cardiac Electrophysiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Arrhythmias in the Fetus

Ori Shen, MD , Obstetric Ultrasound Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
Three- and Four-Dimensional Imaging in Fetal Echocardiography

Amanda Shillingford, MD , Assistant Professor of Pediatrics—Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin; S