Essentials of Dental Assisting - E-Book , livre ebook

Essentials of Dental
Assisting
FIFTH EDITION
Debbie S. Robinson, CDA, MS
Research Assistant Professor and Study Coordinator, Department of Operative Dentistry,
School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Doni L. Bird, CDA, RDA, RDH, MA
Dental Programs Faculty, Santa Rosa Junior College, Santa Rosa, California
With 910 illustrationsTable of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
About the Authors
Preface
The Learning Package
Textbook
Multimedia Procedures DVD
Plus TEACH Instructor’s Resources
Student Workbook
Acknowledgments
How To Use Essentials of Dental Assisting
Icon Key
How to Use the Multimedia Procedures DVD
Procedures
Part 1: The Profession
Chapter 1. Introduction to Dental Assisting
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
The History of Dentistry
African Americans in Dental HistoryMembers of the Dental Healthcare Team
Overview of the Dental Office
Chapter 2. Professional and Legal Aspects of Dental Assisting
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Characteristics of a Professional Dental Assistant
Ethics and Law
Types of Law
Legal Aspects of Dentistry
Levels of Dental Auxiliary Supervision
Unlicensed Practice of Dentistry
Credentialing of Dental Assistants
Risk Management
Guidelines for Informed Consent
Patient Records
Reporting Child Abuse and Neglect
Regulatory and Professional Organizations
Procedure 2-1 Correcting a Chart Entry
Part 2: The Sciences
Chapter 3. Anatomy and Physiology
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Directions and Body Planes
Organizational Levels of the Body
Systems of the Body
Structures of the Head and Neck
Major Muscles of Mastication and Facial Expression
Blood Supply to the Face and Mouth
Lymph NodesNerve Supply to the Mouth
Structures of the Face and Oral Cavity
Procedure 3-1 Identify the Major Landmarks and Structures of the Face
Procedure 3-2 Identify the Major Landmarks, Structures, and Normal Tissues of the
Mouth
Chapter 4. Dental Anatomy
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Anatomic Parts of the Tooth
Tissues of the Tooth
Types of Teeth
Dental Arches
Anterior and Posterior Teeth
Tooth Surfaces
Anatomic Features of the Teeth
The Dentition
Tooth Numbering Systems
Procedure 4-1 Identify the Teeth and Name the Tooth Surfaces
Procedure 4-2 Identify the Primary and Permanent Dentition Using the Universal,
Federation Dentaire Internationale, and Palmer Notation Systems
Part 3: Infection Prevention and Hazardous Materials
Chapter 5. Disease Transmission
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Pathogens
Disease Transmission
Viral Diseases of Major Concern to Dental Healthcare Workers
Bacterial Diseases of Major Concern to Dental Healthcare Workers
Chapter 6. Infection Control and Management of Hazardous Materials
Learning ObjectivesKey Terms
Roles and Responsibilities of the CDC and OSHA
OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
Handwashing and Hand Care
Personal Protective Equipment
Medical Waste Management
The OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
Procedure 6-1 First Aid After an Exposure Incident
Procedure 6-2 Handwashing Before Gloving
Procedure 6-3 Applying Alcohol-Based Hand Rubs
Procedure 6-4 Putting on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Procedure 6-5 Removing Personal Protective Equipment
Procedure 6-6 Creating an Appropriate Label for a Secondary Container
Chapter 7. Surface Disinfection and Treatment Room Preparation
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Surface Barriers
Precleaning and Disinfection
Classifications of Instruments, Equipment, and Surfaces
Additional Aseptic Techniques
Cleaning and Disinfection of the Laboratory Area
Cleaning and Disinfecting the Radiology Area
Procedure 7-1 Placing and Removing Surface Barriers
Procedure 7-2 Performing Treatment Room Cleaning and Disinfection
Procedure 7-3 Disinfecting an Alginate Impression
Chapter 8. Instrument Processing
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
The Sterilization Center
Precleaning and Packaging InstrumentsMethods of Sterilization
Sterilization Monitoring
Procedure 8-1 Operating the Ultrasonic Cleaner
Procedure 8-2 Autoclaving Instruments
Procedure 8-3 Sterilizing Instruments With Chemical Vapor
Procedure 8-4 Sterilizing Instruments With Dry Heat
Procedure 8-5 Sterilizing Instruments With Chemical Liquid
Procedure 8-6 Performing Biologic Monitoring
Part 4: Dental Treatment
Chapter 9. Clinical Dentistry
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
The Clinical Area
Standard Procedure Routine
Instrument Transfer
Procedure 9-1 Admitting and Seating the Patient
Procedure 9-2 Transferring Instruments Using the Single-Handed Technique
Procedure 9-3 Transferring Instruments Using the Two-Handed Technique
Chapter 10. Moisture Control
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Mouth Rinsing
Oral Evacuation Methods
Isolation Techniques
The Dental Dam
Procedure 10-1 Performing a Mouth Rinse
Procedure 10-2 Positioning the High-Volume Evacuator (HVE) During a Procedure
Procedure 10-3 Placing and Removing Cotton Rolls
Procedure 10-4 Preparation, Placement, and Removal of the Dental DamPart 5: Patient Care
Chapter 11. The Dental Patient
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
The Patient Record
Vital Signs
Procedure 11-1 Registering a New Patient
Procedure 11-2 Obtaining a Medical-Dental Health History
Procedure 11-3 Taking an Oral Temperature Reading With a Digital Thermometer
Procedure 11-4 Taking a Patient’s Pulse
Procedure 11-5 Measuring a Patient’s Respiration
Procedure 11-6 Taking a Patient’s Blood Pressure
Chapter 12. The Dental Examination
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Components of the Dental Examination
The Oral Examination
Recording Dental Treatment
Procedure 12-1 The Soft Tissue Examination
Procedure 12-2 Charting of Teeth
Procedure 12-3 Recording the Completed Dental Treatment
Chapter 13. Medical Emergencies in the Dental Office
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Preventing Emergencies
Legal Responsibilities
Emergency Preparedness
Patient Assessment
Emergency ResponsesDocumentation of an Emergency
Procedure 13-1 Performing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) (One Person)
Procedure 13-2 Responding to a Patient With an Obstructed Airway
Procedure 13-3 Responding to the Unconscious Patient
Procedure 13-4 Responding to the Patient With Breathing Difficulty
Procedure 13-5 Responding to the Patient Experiencing a Convulsive Seizure
Procedure 13-6 Responding to the Patient Experiencing a Diabetic Emergency
Procedure 13-7 Responding to the Patient With Chest Pain
Procedure 13-8 Responding to the Patient Experiencing a Cerebrovascular
Accident (Stroke)
Procedure 13-9 Responding to the Patient Experiencing an Allergic Reaction
Chapter 14. Pain and Anxiety Control
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Topical Anesthesia
Local Anesthesia
Vasoconstrictors
Health Status of the Patient
Local Anesthesia Methods
Local Anesthetic Cautions
Pain and Anxiety Control Methods
Documentation of Anesthesia and Pain Control
Procedure 14-1 Applying a Topical Anesthetic
Procedure 14-2 Assembling the Local Anesthetic Syringe
Procedure 14-3 Assisting in the Administration of Local Anesthesia
Procedure 14-4 Assisting in the Administration and Monitoring of Nitrous
Oxide/Oxygen Sedation (Expanded Function)
Part 6: Dental Imaging
Chapter 15. Radiation Safety and Production of X-Rays
Learning ObjectivesKey Terms
Radiation Physics
Properties of X-Rays
Types of Radiation
Radiation Measurement
Radiation Exposure
Absorbed Dose
Dose Equivalence
Radiation Hazards and Protection
Biologic Effects of Radiation
Patient Protection
Protection of the Operator
The X-Ray Machine
Image Characteristics
Radiographic Quality
Chapter 16. Oral Radiography
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Intraoral Views
Film-Based Radiography
Care of Dental Films
Infection Control in Dental Radiography
Intraoral Radiography Techniques
The Full-Mouth Radiographic Survey
The Occlusal Technique
Exposure and Technique Errors
Processing Radiographs
Processing Solutions
Manual Processing
Automatic Film ProcessingProcessing Errors
Duplicating Radiographs
Mounting Radiographs
Digital Radiography
Types of Digital Imaging Systems
Extraoral Radiography
Informed Consent
Documentation
Ownership of Dental Radiographs
Procedure 16-1 Practicing Infection Control During Film Exposure
Procedure 16-2 Assembling the XCP (Extension-Cone Paralleling) Instruments
Procedure 16-3 Producing Full-Mouth Radiographic Survey Using Paralleling
Technique
Procedure 16-4 Producing Four-Film Radiographic Survey Using Bite-Wing
Technique
Procedure 16-5 Producing Maxillary and Mandibular Radiographs Using Occlusal
Technique
Procedure 16-6 Practicing Infection Control in the Darkroom
Procedure 16-7 Practicing Infection Control With Use of Daylight Loader
Procedure 16-8 Manual Processing of Dental Radiographs
Procedure 16-9 Automatic Processing of Dental Radiographs Using Daylight Loader
Procedure 16-10 Mounting Dental Radiographs