Emery's Elements of Medical Genetics E-Book , livre ebook

Emery’s Elements of Medical Genetics
Fourteenth Edition

Peter D. Turnpenny, BSc, MB, ChB, FRCP, FRCPCH
Consultant Clinical Geneticist, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital
Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom

Sian Ellard, BSc, PhD, FRCPath
Consultant Clinical Molecular Geneticist, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital
Professor of Human Molecular Genetics, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
Churchill Livingstone
Front Matter

Emery’s Elements of Medical Genetics
14th EDITION
Peter D. Turnpenny
BSc, MB, ChB, FRCP, FRCPCH
Consultant Clinical Geneticist
Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital
and
Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer Peninsula Medical School
Exeter, United Kingdom
Sian Ellard
BSc, PhD, FRCPath
Consultant Clinical Molecular Geneticist
Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital
and
Professor of Human Molecular Genetics
Peninsula Medical School
Exeter, United Kingdom
Copyright

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EMERY’S ELEMENTS OF MEDICAL GENETICS ISBN: 978-0-7020-4043-6
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Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
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ISBN: 978-0-7020-4043-6
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Dedication
To our fathers—
sources of encouragement and support
who would have been proud of this work
Preface


Alan E.H. Emery
Emeritus Professor of Human Genetics & Honorary Fellow
University of Edinburgh
“A man ought to read just as inclination leads him; for what he reads as a task will do him little good.”
Dr. Samuel Johnson
Advances and breakthroughs in genetic science are continually in the news, attracting great interest because of the potential, not only for diagnosing and eventually treating disease, but also for what we learn about humankind through these advances. In addition, almost every new breakthrough raises a fresh ethical, social, and moral debate about the uses to which genetic science will be put, particularly in reproductive medicine and issues relating to identity and privacy. Increasingly, today’s medical graduates, and mature postgraduates, must be equipped to integrate genetic knowledge and science appropriately into all areas of medicine, for the task cannot be left solely to clinical geneticists, who remain small in number; indeed, in many countries there is either no structured training program in clinical genetics or the specialty is not recognized at all.
Since the publication of the thirteenth edition of Emery’s Elements of Medical Genetics there has been a huge surge forward in our knowledge and understanding of the human genome as the technology of microarray comparative genomic hybridization has been extensively applied, both in research and clinical service settings. We know so much more about the normal variability of the human genome as the extent of copy number variants (of DNA) has become clearer, though we are still trying to unravel the possible significance of these in relation to health and disease. And as we write this there is great excitement about the next technological revolution that is underway, namely next generation sequencing . Already there are dramatic examples of gene discovery in mendelian conditions through analysis of the whole exome of very small numbers of patients with clear phenotypes. There is also more realistic anticipation than before that breakthroughs will be made in the treatment of genetic disease, which will take a variety of different forms. Whilst discovery and knowledge proceed apace, however, the foundation for those who aspire to be good clinical practitioners in this field lies in a thorough grasp of the basics of medical genetics, which must include the ability to counsel patients and families with sensitivity and explain difficult concepts in simple language.
In this fourteenth edition of Emery’s Elements of Medical Genetics we have tried to simplify some of the language and reduce redundant text where possible, to make way for some new, updated material. Several chapters have undergone significant revisions, and the range of illustrations has increased. We have listened to those colleagues (a small number!) who identified one or two errors in the last edition and also suggested ideas for improvement. Once again, we have sought to provide a balance between a basic, comprehensive text and one that is as up to date as possible, still aiming at medical undergraduates and those across both medical and non-medical disciplines who simply want to “taste and see.” The basic layout of the book has not changed because it seems to work well, and for that we remain in debt to our predecessors in this project, namely Alan Emery, Bob Mueller, and Ian Young.

Peter D. Turnpenny
and

Sian Ellard
Exeter, United Kingdom
November 2010
Acknowledgments
As with the previous two editions, we are very grateful to those of our patients who were asked for consent to publish their photographs for the first time; again, not one refused, which was enormously helpful. In preparation of this edition we thank colleagues who cast a critical but very constructive eye over particular chapters, which led to some very necessary changes to the text. These were Dr. Paul Kerr (Consultant Hematologist, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter) and Dr. Claire Bethune (Consultant Immunologist, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth). Dr. Rachel Freathy (Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellow, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter) provided new insights and assisted with revision of the chapters describing polygenic inheritance and common disorders. We thank those at Elsevier who communicated very fully and promptly throughout the revision, and were patient with delays on our part. We again thank those at our respective homes who had to put up with a season of early mornings and late nights, without which the revision would not have been possible.
Table of Contents
Instructions for online access
Front Matter
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
Acknowledgments
Section A: Principles of Human Genetics
Chapter 1: The History and Impact of Genetics in Medicine
Chapter 2: The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Chapter 3: Chromosomes and Cell Division
Chapter 4: DNA Technology and Applications
Chapter 5: Mapping and Identifying Genes for Monogenic Disorders
Chapter 6: Developmental Genetics
Chapter 7: Patterns of Inheritance
Chapter 8: Population and Mathematical Genetics
Chapter 9: Polygenic and Multifactorial Inheritance
Section B: Genetics in Medicine
Chapter 10: Hemoglobin and the Hemoglobinopathies
Chapter 11: Biochemical Genetics
Chapter 12: Pharmacogenetics
Chapter 13: Immunogenetics
Chapter 14: Cancer Genetics
Chapter 15: Genetic Factors in Common Diseases
Section C: Clinical Genetics
Chapter 16: Congenital Abnormalities and Dysmorphic Syndromes
Chapter 17: Genetic Counseling
Chapter 18: Chromosome Disorders
Chapter 19: Single-Gen