Emergency Medicine E-Book , livre ebook

Emergency Medicine
Clinical Essentials
Second Edition

James G. Adams, MD
Professor and Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg, School of Medicine, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois

Saunders
Table of Contents
Instructions for online access
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
Contributors
Ultrasound Video Contents
Section I: Resuscitation Skills and Techniques
Chapter 1: Basic Airway Management
Airway Assessment
Critical Airway Physiology
Emergency Airway Algorithm
Intubation
Medications, Pharmacology, and Physiologic Responses to Medication Classes
Putting It Together: Rapid-Sequence Intubation
Summary
Chapter 2: Advanced Airway Techniques
Perspective
Anticipated Difficult Airway
The Unanticipated Difficult Airway
Pediatric Considerations
Chapter 3: Mechanical Ventilation
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Presenting Signs and Symptoms
Differential Diagnosis and Medical Decision Making
Treatment
Techniques and Methods of Mechanical Ventilation
Modes of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
Monitoring Dynamic Pressure During Invasive Ventilation
Modes of Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation
Specific Disease Processes
Complications
Prognosis
Chapter 4: Shock
Perspective
Anatomy
Pathophysiology of Circulatory Dysfunction
Presenting Signs and Symptoms
Initial Assessment
Procedures and Circulatory Monitoring
Treatment of Circulatory Dysfunction
Summary
Chapter 5: Emergency Cardiac Ultrasound: Evaluation for Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Activity
Introduction
What We Are Looking For
Literature Review
How to Scan/Scanning Protocols
Normal and Abnormal Findings
Chapter 6: Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Access
Introduction
How to Scan and Scanning Protocols
Chapter 7: Management of Cardiac Arrest and Post–Cardiac Arrest Syndrome
Epidemiology
General Management Considerations
Management of Specific Dysrhythmias
Postresuscitation Phase
Chapter 8: Trauma Resuscitation
Epidemiology
Perspective
Presenting Signs and Symptoms
Differential Diagnosis and Medical Decision Making
Special Circumstances
Treatment: Prehospital
Treatment: Hospital
Follow-Up, Next Steps in Care, and Patient Education
Complications
Chapter 9: Sonography for Trauma
FAST Examination
E-FAST Examination
Chapter 10: Procedural Sedation
Definitions
Indications for Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in the Emergency Department
Patient Monitoring
Preprocedural Considerations and Risk Assessment
Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Common Agents
Chapter 11: Resuscitation in Pregnancy
Scope
Anatomy and Physiology
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Testing
Fetomaternal Transfusion
Perimortem Cesarean Section
Conclusion
Section II: Special Considerations in the Pediatric Patient
Chapter 12: Neonatal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Perspective
Survival with Comorbid Conditions
Anatomy
Presenting Signs and Symptoms
Interventions and Procedures: Resuscitation Steps
Chapter 13: Pediatric Resuscitation
Epidemiology
Basic Principles of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Airway Management
Anatomy
Rapid-Sequence Intubation in Children
Circulation
Resuscitative Drugs
Interventions
Chapter 14: General Approach to the Pediatric Patient
General Approach
Growth and Development
The Family
Chapter 15: Emergencies in the First Weeks of Life
The Normal Neonate
Apnea and Apparent Life-Threatening Events
Excessive Crying and Irritability
Cyanosis
Difficulty Breathing
Fever
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Neonatal Jaundice
Metabolic Emergencies
Child Abuse
Chapter 16: Emergencies in Infants and Toddlers
The Crying Infant
Altered Level of Consciousness
Vomiting
Chapter 17: Child with a Fever
Perspective
Pathophysiology
Presenting Signs and Symptoms
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Testing
Treatment and Disposition
Chapter 18: Approach to the Pediatric Patient with a Rash
Introduction
Pathophysiology
Presenting Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Follow-Up and Patient Education
Chapter 19: Pediatric Cardiac Disorders
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Presenting Signs and Symptoms
Differential Diagnosis and Medical Decision Making
Diagnostic Testing
Treatment
Next Steps in Care: Admission and Discharge
Chapter 20: Pediatric Genitourinary and Renal Disorders
Genitourinary Disorders
Renal Disorders
Chapter 21: Pediatric Gynecologic Disorders
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Presenting Signs and Symptoms
Sexual Abuse
Genital Examination
Differential Diagnosis and Medical Decision Making
Treatment
Trauma
Newborn Vaginal Discharge and Breast Swelling
Breast Disorders in Older Children
Follow-Up, Next Steps in Care, and Patient Education
Chapter 22: Pediatric Abdominal Disorders
Epidemiology
Abdominal Masses
Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Meckel Diverticulum
Intussusception
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Pyloric Stenosis
Malrotation with Volvulus
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Appendicitis
Hirschsprung Disease
Biliary Tract Disease
Milk Protein Allergy
Chapter 23: Pediatric Trauma
Pediatric Head Trauma
Cervical Spine Injury
Pediatric Thoracic Trauma
Pediatric Abdominal Trauma
Chapter 24: Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Presenting Signs and Symptoms
Medical Decision Making
Treatment
Admission and Discharge
Chapter 25: Pediatric Orthopedic Emergencies
Radial Head Subluxation
Fractures
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Septic Arthritis
Toxic Synovitis
Section III: Head & Neck Disorders
Chapter 26: Eye Emergencies
Glaucoma
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Optic Neuritis
Retinal Detachment
Temporal Arteritis
Orbital Cellulitis and Periorbital Cellulitis
The Red Eye
Corneal Abrasions
Corneal Ulcers
Ocular Foreign Bodies
Intraocular Foreign Body
Ocular Burns
Retrobulbar Hematoma
Hyphema
Orbital Wall or Blow-Out fractures
Ruptured Globe
Traumatic Iritis
Chapter 27: Ear Emergencies
Pathophysiology
Ear Pain
Trauma
Foreign Body
Sudden Hearing Loss
Chapter 28: Dental Emergencies
Structure and Function
Presenting Signs and Symptoms
Differential Diagnosis
Interventions and Procedures
Treatment and Disposition
Chapter 29: Pharynx and Throat Emergencies
Oropharyngeal Complaints
Acute Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis
Peritonsillitis, Peritonsillar Cellulitis, and Abscess
Epiglottitis and Supraglottitis
Ludwig Angina
Lemierre Syndrome
Retropharyngeal Abscess
Chapter 30: Maxillofacial Disorders
Temporomandibular Disorders
Epistaxis
Sinusitis
Section IV: Gastrointestinal Diseases
Chapter 31: Esophageal Disorders
Reflux Esophagitis
Infectious Esophagitis
Pill Esophagitis And Caustic Esophageal Injury
Esophageal Foreign Bodies and Food Impaction
Esophageal Perforation
Esophageal Motility Disorders
Chapter 32: Diseases of the Stomach
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Presenting Signs and Symptoms
Differential Diagnosis and Medical Decision Making
Medical Treatment
Surgical Treatment
Sequelae of Peptic Ulcer Disease
Chapter 33: Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Scope
Pathophysiology
Clinical Presentation
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Testing
Procedures
Treatment
Disposition
Chapter 34: Mesenteric Ischemia
Perspective
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Presenting Signs and Symptoms
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Testing
Laboratory Studies
Treatment
FolLow-Up, Next Steps in Care, and Patient Education
Chapter 35: Diverticulitis
Perspective
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Presenting Signs and Symptoms
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Testing
Treatment
Consultation
Complications
Follow-Up, Next Steps in Care, and Patient Education
Chapter 36: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Perspective
Pathophysiology
Diagnostic Testing
Treatment
Disposition
Chapter 37: Constipation
Perspective
Pathophysiology
Presenting Signs and Symptoms
Differential Diagnosis and Medical Decision Making
Treatment
Follow-Up Care and Patient Education
Chapter 38: Hernias
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Nomenclature
Pathophysiology
Presentin