Echocardiography Review Guide E-Book , livre ebook

Echocardiography Review Guide
Companion to the Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography
Second Edition

Catherine M. Otto, MD
J. Ward Kennedy-Hamilton Endowed Professor of Cardiology; Director, Training Program in Cardiovascular Disease, University of Washington School of Medicine; Associate Director, Echocardiography Laboratory; Co-Director, Adult Congenital Heart Disease Clinic, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington

Rebecca Gibbons Schwaegler, BS, RDCS
Cardiac Sonographer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington

Rosario V. Freeman, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Director, Echocardiography Laboratory, Medical Director, Coronary Care Unit, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
Saunders
Front Matter
SECOND EDITION

Echocardiography Review Guide
Companion to the Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography
C atherine M. O tto , MD
J. Ward Kennedy-Hamilton Endowed Professor of Cardiology
Director, Training Program in Cardiovascular Disease
University of Washington School of Medicine;
Associate Director, Echocardiography Laboratory
Co-Director, Adult Congenital Heart Disease Clinic
University of Washington Medical Center
Seattle, Washington
R ebecca G ibbons S chwaegler , BS, RDCS
Cardiac Sonographer
University of Washington Medical Center
Seattle, Washington
R osario V. F reeman , MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Washington School of Medicine;
Director, Echocardiography Laboratory
Medical Director, Coronary Care Unit
University of Washington Medical Center
Seattle, Washington
Copyright

1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
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ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY REVIEW GUIDE:
COMPANION TO THE TEXTBOOK OF CLINICAL
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, SECOND EDITION
ISBN: 978-1-4377-2021-1
Copyright © 2011, 2008 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).


Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
International Standard Book Number: 978-1-4377-2021-1
Acquisitions Editor: Natasha Andjelkovic
Developmental Editor: Brad McIlwain
Publishing Services Manager: Anne Altepeter
Project Manager: Louise King
Designer: Louis Forgione
Printed in the United States of America
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Introduction

Echocardiography Review Guide , Second Edition

A companion workbook for the fourth edition of the Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography
This Echocardiography Review Guide complements the Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography , fourth edition, providing a review of basic principles, additional details of data acquisition and interpretation, and a step-by-step approach to patient examination for each diagnosis. In addition, self-assessment questions allow the reader to be more actively involved in the learning process. All the self-assessment questions in the second edition are new and supplement the questions available in the first edition.
This book will be of interest to practicing cardiologists and sonographers as a quick update on echocardiography and will be of value to cardiology fellows and cardiac sonographer students who are mastering the material for the first time. Cardiac anesthesiologists will find helpful information about details of the examination and a chapter dedicated to intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. In addition, primary care physicians using handheld echocardiography can use this book to get started and to improve their echocardiography skills. Multiple-choice questions provide a review and self-assessment for those preparing for echocardiography examinations and may be useful in echocardiography laboratories for continuous quality improvement processes.
The chapters are arranged in the same order as the Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography , and we recommend that these two books be used in parallel. As in the textbook, there are introductory chapters on basic principles of image acquisition, transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, other echocardiographic modalities, and clinical indications. Each of the subsequent chapters focuses on a specific clinical diagnosis, including ventricular systolic and diastolic function, ischemic cardiac disease, cardiomyopathies, valve stenosis and regurgitation, prosthetic valves, endocarditis, cardiac masses, aortic disease, adult congenital heart disease, and intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography.
A step-by-step approach to patient examination is detailed. Information is conveyed in bullet points, with each set of major principles followed by a list of key points. Potential pitfalls are identified, and approaches to avoiding errors are provided. Data measurements and calculations are explained with specific examples. Numerous illustrations with detailed figure legends demonstrate each major point and guide the reader through the teaching points. At the end of each chapter, the short Echo Review Guide from the Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography is included for quick reference. Self-assessment questions help the reader consolidate the information and identify areas where further study is needed. Along with the correct answer to each question, there is a brief discussion of how that answer was determined and why the other potential answers are not correct.
This review guide is intended as an adjunct to formal training programs in echocardiography; a book does not replace hands-on training or practical experience. The three of us fully endorse current standards for education and training of physicians and sonographers in clinical cardiac ultrasound as provided by the American Society of Echocardiography, American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists. We support training in accredited programs with formal certification of sonographers and evaluation of physician competency. The material in this book reflects the clinical practice of echocardiography at one point in time. Cardiac imaging is a rapidly changing field, and we encourage our readers to stay up to date by reading journals and other online sources, and by attending national meetings and continuing medical education courses.
Acknowledgments
It is never possible to fully acknowledge all those who help make a book possible; however, we would like to thank some of those who helped us along the way. First, the cardiac sonographers at the University of Washington deserve our special appreciation for the excellence of their imaging skills and the time they dedicated to acquiring additional images for us and discussing the finer points of data acquisition: Pamela Clark, RDCS; Sarah Curtis, RDCS; Caryn D’Jang, RDCS; Michelle Fujioka, RDCS; Jennifer Gregov, RDCS; Yelena Kovalenko, RDCS; Carol Kraft, RDCS; Chris McKenzie, RDCS; Amy Owens, RDCS; Joannalyn Sangco, RDCS; and Todd Zwink, RDCS. Theresa Shugart and Joan Raney in the Cardiology Division also helped greatly in several aspects of book preparation. Special thanks are due to the many readers who provided comments and input on the text and questions. Our appreciation extends to Natasha Andjelkovic and Louise King at Elsevier and the production team who supported this project and helped us make it a reality.
Finally, we all want to sincerely thank our families: not only our husbands for their unwavering and continual encouragem