Drugs for the Heart , livre ebook

DRUGS FOR THE HEART
EIGHTH EDITION

Lionel H. Opie, MD, DPhil, DSc, FRCP
Senior Scholar and Professor Emeritus, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa Department of Medicine and Groote Schuur Hospital
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Bernard J. Gersh, MBChB, DPhil, FACC, FRCP
Professor of Medicine
Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
How to use
Copyright
Contributors
Foreword
The Lancet
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: β-blocking agents
Mechanism
Cardiovascular effects of β-blockade
Angina pectoris
Acute coronary syndrome
Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Lack of outcome studies in angina
β-blockers for hypertension
β-blockers for arrhythmias
β-blockers in heart failure
Other cardiac indications
Noncardiac indications for β-blockade
Pharmacologic properties of various β-blockers
Pharmacokinetic properties of β-blockers
Concomitant diseases and choice of β-blocker
Side effects of β-blockers
Contraindications to β-blockade
Overdose of β-blockers
Specific β-blockers
Ultrashort-acting intravenous β-blockade
From the past, into the future
Summary
Chapter 2: Nitrates and newer antianginals
The nature of angina of effort
Mechanisms of nitrate action in angina
Pharmacokinetics of nitrates
Nitrate interactions with other drugs
Short-acting nitrates for acute effort angina
Long-acting nitrates for angina prophylaxis
Limitations: Side effects and nitrate failure
Nitrates for acute coronary syndromes
Acute heart failure and acute pulmonary edema
Congestive heart failure
Nitrate tolerance and nitric oxide resistance
Step-care for angina of effort
Combination therapy for angina
Metabolic and other newer antianginal agents
Other newer antianginal agents
Are nitrates really safe?
Summary
Chapter 3: Calcium channel blockers
Pharmacologic properties
Classification of calcium channel blockers
Major indications for CCBs
Safety and efficacy
Verapamil
Diltiazem
Nifedipine, the first DHP
Amlodipine: The first of the second-generation DHPS
Felodipine
Other second-generation dihydropyridines
Third-generation dihydropyridines
Summary
Chapter 4: Diuretics
Differing effects of diuretics in congestive heart failure and hypertension
Loop diuretics
Thiazide diuretics
Potassium-sparing agents
Aquaretics
Combination diuretics with K+ sparing
Minor diuretics
Limited role of potassium supplements
Special diuretic problems
Less common uses of diuretics
Diuretics in step-care therapy of CHF
Summary
Chapter 5: Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Mechanisms of action of ACE inhibitors
Pharmacologic characteristics of ACE inhibitors
ACE inhibitors for heart failure
ACE inhibitors for hypertension
ACE inhibitors for early-phase acute myocardial infarction or postinfarct left ventricular dysfunction or failure
ACE inhibitors: Long-term cardiovascular protection
Diabetes: Complications and renoprotection
ACE inhibition for nondiabetic renal failure
Properties of specific ACE inhibitors
Other prodrugs
Lisinopril: Not metabolized
Choice of ACE inhibitor
ACE inhibitors versus ARBs
ARBs
Nonissues with ARBs: Myocardial infarction and cancer
Combinations of ACE inhibitor–ARB therapy
Specific ARBs
Aldosterone, spironolactone, and eplerenone
Heart failure: Role of aldosterone blockade
Renin inhibition by aliskiren
Summary
References
Chapter 6: Heart failure
Acute versus chronic heart failure
Acute heart failure
Chronic heart failure
Summary
References
Chapter 7: Antihypertensive therapies
Principles of treatment
White-coat hypertension and prehypertension
Determination of overall cardiovascular risk
The goals of therapy
Lifestyle modifications
Correction of other risk factors
Combination therapy
Diuretics for hypertension
Calcium channel blockers
ACE inhibitors for hypertension
Angiotensin-II type 1 receptor blockers
Direct renin inhibitor
Aldosterone blockers
β-blockers for hypertension
α-adrenergic blockers
Direct vasodilators
Central adrenergic inhibitors
Combination therapy
Patient profiling: The elderly
Patient profiling: Other special groups
Specific aims of antihypertensive therapy
Acute severe hypertension
Maximal drug therapy
Renal artery denervation for hypertension
Baroreflex activation therapy for hypertension
Summary
Chapter 8: Antiarrhythmic drugs and strategies
Overview of new developments
Antiarrhythmic drugs
Which antiarrhythmic drug or device?
Summary
Chapter 9: Antithrombotic agents: Platelet inhibitors, acute anticoagulants, fibrinolytics, and chronic anticoagulants
Mechanisms of thrombosis
Antiplatelet agents: Aspirin and cardiovascular protection
Other antiplatelets: Clopidogrel and dipyridamole (used as single antiplatelet therapy)
Dual antiplatelet therapy
Newer antiplatelets added to aspirin: Prasugrel, ticagrelor, and vorapaxar
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists
Oral anticoagulants: Warfarin, antithrombin, and anti-Xa agents (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban)
Anticoagulation with direct thrombin inhibitors and anti-X a agents
Acute anticoagulation: Heparin
Enoxaparin
Fibrinolytic (thrombolytic) therapy
Summary
Acknowledgment
Chapter 10: Lipid-modifying and antiatherosclerotic drugs
Inflammation and atherogenesis
Prevention and risk factors
Blood lipid profile
Dietary and other nondrug therapy
Drug-related lipidemias
The statins: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitors
Bile acid sequestrants: The resins
Inhibition of lipolysis by nicotinic acid (niacin)
The fibrates
Cholesterol absorption inhibitors: Ezetimibe
Combination therapy
Natural antiatherosclerotic agents
Summary
Acknowledgment
Chapter 11: Metabolic syndrome, hyperglycemia, and type 2 diabetes
From metabolic syndrome to overt diabetes and cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular control in established type 2 diabetes
Ideal control of glycemia, blood pressure, and lipids: Multifactorial intervention
Diabetes and coronary disease requiring intervention
Diabetes and heart failure
Summary
Acknowledgments
Chapter 12: Which therapy for which condition?
Angina pectoris
Acute coronary syndromes
Prinzmetal’s vasospastic angina
Early phase acute myocardial infarction
Long-term therapy after AMI
Postinfarct cardioprotective drugs
Atrial fibrillation
Other supraventricular arrhythmias
Bradyarrhythmias
Ventricular arrhythmias and proarrhythmic problems
Congestive heart failure
Interventions for severe stable LV dysfunction
Diastolic heart failure
Acute pulmonary edema
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Other cardiomyopathies
Valvular heart disease
Cor pulmonale
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension*
Infective endocarditis*
Peripheral vascular disease
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Beriberi heart disease
Cardiovascular drugs in pregnancy
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation*
Acknowledgments
References
Index
How to use
Copyright

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DRUGS FOR THE HEART ISBN: 978-1-4557-3322-4
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