Diagnostic Pathology of Infectious Disease E-Book , livre ebook

Diagnostic Pathology of
Infectious Disease
Richard L. Kradin, MD
Associate Professor of Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical
School
Associate Professor of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MassachusettsTable of Contents
Cover image
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 General Principles in the Diagnosis of Infection
Introduction
Sampling
Diagnosing Infection In Situ
Potential Limits of Biopsy Interpretation
Classification of Patterns of Infection
Histochemical Stains
Immunohistochemical Methods
Molecular Diagnostics
In Situ Hybridization
REFERENCES
Chapter 3 The Biopsy in the Diagnosis of InfectionOverview: The Biopsy
Approach to the Patient: General Concepts
Antimicrobial Therapy
Biopsy in the Immunocompromised Host
Timeline of Infection
Summary
REFERENCES
Chapter 4 Cytopathology of Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases
Introduction
Processing of Cytologic Samples for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases
Culturing of Fine-Needle Aspirations for Microorganisms
Inflammatory Patterns and Associated Pathogens
Unusual Host Reactions to Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient
Cytodiagnosis of Viral Infections
Case 17: Intensive Care Unit Vocal Cord Lesion
Case 18: Is It Herpes or Molluscum?
Case 19: To Immunosuppress or Immunoenhance; That Is the Question!
Parasitic Disease in Cytology
Case 20: A Worm with the Wanderlust
Cases 21 and 22: Parasite Infections Seen in Postmortem Cytology
Conclusion
APPENDIX Sample Preparation and Staining for Diagnosis of Infectious and
Inflammatory Diseases Including P n e u m o c y s t i s
REFERENCES
Chapter 5 Ultrastructural Diagnosis of Infection
Introduction
Electron Microscopy Technique
Prions
Viral Infections
Bacterial InfectionsFungal Infections
Parasitic Infections
REFERENCES
Chapter 6 Ear, Nose, and Throat Infections
Bacterial Rhinosinusitis
Otitis Media
Tonsillitis
Peritonsillar Abscess
Rhinoscleroma
Actinomycosis
Botryomycosis
Syphilis
Tuberculosis
Leprosy
Oral Candidosis
Fungal Rhinosinusitis
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Sporotrichosis
Blastomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Cryptococcosis
Histoplasmosis
Rhinosporidiosis
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
Epstein-Barr Virus
Herpes Simplex Virus
Human Papillomavirus
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Mumps
REFERENCESChapter 7 Pulmonary Infections
Introduction
Handling Lung Biopsy Specimens
Pulmonary Injury in Infection
Microbes Associated with Bioterrorism
Pleural Infections
REFERENCES
Chapter 8 Cardiac Infections
Introduction
The Pathology of Infective Endocarditis
The Pathology of Myocarditis
The Pathology of Pericarditis
REFERENCES
Chapter 9 Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Introduction
Infections of the Esophagus
Infections of the Stomach
Infections of the Small Bowel
Infectious Colitis
REFERENCES
Chapter 10 Liver and Bile Duct Infections
Viruses
Mycobacteria
Nonmycobacterial Bacteria
Spirochetes
Rickettsia
Fungi
Helminths
ProtozoansREFERENCES
Chapter 11 Infectious Lymphadenitis
Lymphadenitis of Viral or Possible Viral Etiology
Bacterial Lymphadenitis
Fungal Lymphadenitis
Protozoal Lymphadenitis
REFERENCES
Chapter 12 Infectious Diseases of the Bone Marrow and Spleen
Introduction
Patterns of Bone Marrow Response to Infections
Bone Marrow Features of Specific Infections
Infections Involving the Spleen
REFERENCES
Chapter 13 Bone Infections
Pathophysiology
Bacterial Osteomyelitis
Mycobacterial Osteomyelitis
Treponemal Osteomyelitis
Fungal Osteomyelitis
Mycetoma
Helminthic Osteomyelitis
Viral Osteomyelitis
Differential Diagnosis of Osteomyelitis
REFERENCES
Chapter 14 Infections of Joints, Synovium-Lined Structures, and Soft Tissue
Bacterial Arthritis
Fungal Arthritis
Viral Arthritis
Reactive ArthritisSoft Tissue Infections
Myositis
Other Unusual Soft Tissue Infections
REFERENCES
Chapter 15 Genitourinary Infectious Disease Pathology
Genitourinary Cutaneous Infections
Kidney Infections
Bladder Infections
Infections of the Urethra
Infections of the Male Genitourinary System
REFERENCES
Chapter 16 Gynecologic Infections
Lower Genital Tract
Upper Genital Tract
REFERENCES
Chapter 17 Perinatal Infections
Ascending Infections
Hematogenously Spread Infections
Specific Infectious Organisms
Pregnancy-Associated Uterine Infections
Fetal and Congenital Infections
REFERENCES
Chapter 18 Infections of the Nervous System
Introduction
Acute Inflammatory Response
Chronic Inflammatory Response
Granulomatous or Predominantly Histiocytic Inflammatory Pattern
Minimal or No Inflammatory Response
REFERENCESChapter 19 Skin Infections
Diagnostic Approach
Bacterial Infections of the Skin
Viral Infections of the Skin
Fungal Skin Infections
Protozoal Infections
Helminth Infestations
Arthropod-Induced Diseases
Algal Infections
REFERENCES
IndexCopyright
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DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE  ISBN: 978-1-4160-3429-2
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Diagnostic pathology of infectious disease / [edited by] Richard L. Kradin.—1st ed.
   p. ; cm.
 Includes bibliographical references.
 ISBN 978-1-4160-3429-2
1. Communicable diseases–Diagnosis. 2. Diagnosis, Laboratory. I. Kradin,
Richard L.
 [DNLM: 1. Communicable Diseases–diagnosis. 2. Clinical Laboratory
Techniques. 3. Communicable Diseases–pathology. WC 100 D536 2010]
 RC113.3.D53 2010
 616.9'0475—dc22
                    2009042846
Acquisitions Editor: William Schmitt
Developmental Editor: Kathryn DeFrancesco
Publishing Services Manager: Linda Van Pelt
Project Manager: Sharon Lee
Design Direction: Louis Forgione
Printed in China
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2D e d i c a t i o n
I dedicate this textbook to my wife, Karen, and our six children: Rachel, Sarah, Ben, Michael
(×2), and Daniel, who have all been consistently supportive of the many gyrations that my
career has taken.Contributors
H. Thomas Aretz MD
Associate Professor of Pathology
Harvard Medical School
Affiliate Pathologist
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
8. Cardiac Infections
Sandra Camelo-Piragua MD
Clinical Fellow in Pathology
Harvard Medical School
Ma