Diagnostic Cytopathology Essentials , livre ebook

Diagnostic Cytopathology Essentials
Expert Consult: Online and Print

Gabrijela Kocjan, MD, MB BS, Specialist in Clinical Cytology (Zagreb), FRCPath(London)
Head of Diagnostic Cytopathology, Consultant Cytopathologist, University College London, London, UK

Winifred Gray, MB BS, FRCPath
Consultant Cytopathologist/Histopathologist (retired), John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK

Tanya Levine, MA(Oxon), MB BS, RCDipPath(Cyto), FRCPath
Director, London Regional Cytology Training Centre, Consultant Cellular Pathologist, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK

Ika Kardum-Skelin, MD, PhD, Specialist in Clinical Cytology (Zagreb)
President, European Federation of Cytology Societies, Assistant Professor and Consultant Cytologist, Specialist in Medical/Clinical Cytology, Head of Department of Clinical Cytology and Cytogenetics, Merkur University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

Philippe Vielh, MD, PhD
Pathologist, Director of Cytopathology, Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Foreword
List of contributors
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Female genital tract
Normal anatomy of the gynaecological tract (Fig. 2.1)
Cytology of normal cells from the cervical transformation zone
Cytological findings in cervicitis/vaginitis
Common cervical/vaginal microorganisms
Common viral infections
Iatrogenic changes in cervical cytology
Repair and regeneration in the cervix
Cervical sample adequacy
Cytology of CIN and cervical squamous cancer
Borderline nuclear changes in cervical cytology (Figs 2.128–2.136)
Glandular neoplasms in cervical cytology
Management of women with abnormal cervical cytology
Cytology of the vulva and vagina
Uterine cytology
Ovarian cytology
Chapter 3: Respiratory
Introduction
Normal cytological findings
Reactive changes
Case Study
Common lung tumours
Case Study (Fig 3.73)
Carcinoid tumours
Other lung tumours and metastases
Mesenchymal tumours and lymphomas
Mediastinal tumours
Lung infections
Other pulmonary conditions
Chapter 4: Serous effusions
Introduction
Cytology of normal and reactive mesothelial cells
Other benign findings in reactive effusions
Benign reactive effusions with specific features
General diagnostic approach to malignant effusions
Mesothelioma
Diagnostic approach: mesothelioma morphology (Tables 4.5, 4.6)
Diagnostic approach: immunocytochemistry (Fig. 4.86 and Tables 4.7, 4.8)
Chapter 5: Urine cytology
Introduction
Specimen types and appearances (Figs 5.1–5.9)
Malignancy in urine cytology (Figs 5.19–5.27)
Differential diagnosis in urothelial malignancy
Instrumentation effects (Figs 5.40–5.47)
Chapter 6: Thyroid gland
Introduction (Figs 6.1–6.3)
Benign thyroid nodules
Thyroid hyperplasia/hyperthyroidism
Follicular lesions
Thyroid neoplasms
FNA thyroid reporting categories and their management implications
Chapter 7: Haemopoietic
Introduction
Normal lymph node
Reactive lymphadenopathy
Neoplastic lesions of lymph node
Myeloid neoplasms
Chapter 8: Breast
The normal breast
Inflammatory conditions
Benign breast changes (Figs 8.24–8.32)
Benign tumours and tumour-like lesions
Epithelial hyperplasia and tumour-like lesions
Complex sclerosing and fibrocystic lesions (Figs 8.59–8.61)
Borderline epithelial lesions (Figs 8.62–8.67)
Common malignant breast epithelial tumours (Table 8.1, Box 8.1)
Uncommon malignant breast epithelial tumours
Primary sarcomas, lymphomas and metastatic tumours (Figs 8.99–8.107)
Reporting breast FNAs: the role of FNA in management
Chapter 9: Salivary gland
Introduction (Figs 9.1–9.3)
Normal salivary gland (Figs 9.4–9.6)
Tumours of the salivary gland
Non-neoplastic conditions
Salivary gland cysts
Diagnostic approach to salivary gland FNA
Chapter 10: Liver, biliary tree and pancreas
Introduction
Liver
Gall bladder and extrahepatic bile ducts
Pancreas
The role of FNA in management of pancreatic lesions
Chapter 11: Childhood tumours
Introduction
Lymphoma
Neuroblastoma
Nephroblastoma (Figs 11.7, 11.8)
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Ewing’s (sarcoma) family of tumours (pPNET)
Chapter 12: Miscellaneous
Cerebrospinal fluid
Skin
Malignant tumours
Soft tissue and musculoskeletal system
Synovial fluid
Chapter 13: Techniques
Routine procedures
Immunocytochemistry
Polymerase chain reaction
In situ hybridisation (ISH) (Figs 13.48, 13.49)
Chapter 14: Self-assessment questions
Subject Index
Copyright

an imprint of Elsevier Limited
© 2013, Elsevier Limited
First published 2013
The rights of Gabrijela Kocjan, Winifred Gray, Tanya Levine, Ika Kardum-Skelin and Philippe Vielh to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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Notices
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ISBN: 978-0702-04450-2
E-ISBN: 978-0702-05033-6
† The following figures are taken from Gray, W., Kocjan G. (eds). Diagnostic Cytopathology , 3 rd edition. 2010, Churchill Livingstone.
Printed in China
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Foreword
It gives me great pleasure to see that the idea born at a meeting of European Federation of Cytology Societies (EFCS) in October 2010 in Split, where European Cytology Education and Training were discussed, has come into being in the shape of Diagnostic Cytopathology Essentials . It is a product of the EFCS’ ambition to have a comprehensive, ‘official’ textbook, the contents of which represent a minimum requirement for a competent cytopathologist.
Cytopathology is a diagnostic discipline which has been used for more than 150 years, since Walshe in the middle of the 19 th century demonstrated that cells from lung cancer can be detected in sputum. Another milestone was the introduction of aspiration cytology in 1926 by Ellis and Martin, while in 1928, Papanicolaou published that cells of cervical cancer could be identified by microscopy. However, cytopathology was finally accepted in 1943 when its importance in cervical screening was recognised. From then on, both exfoliative and aspiration cytopathology continued to be recognised as essential in diagnosis and clinical patient management.
In the 21 st century, in the era of modern techniques and shortage of pathologists, does cytopathology still remain an appropriate diagnostic tool? An answer to this question can be found in the Training Charter for Pathology, first published in 2012 by the Union Européenne des Médecines Spécialistes (UEMS), Board of Pathology. The Charter defines cytopathology as an integral part of pathology and its competency has to be trained. It is left to the pathologist to decide under which conditions to use cytopathology, histopathology, or a combination of both, to obtain a correct diagnosis and to evaluate if the resp