Current Perspectives in Kidney Diseases , livre ebook

Current Perspectives in Kidney Diseases
Contributions to Nephrology
Vol. 190
Series Editor
Claudio Ronco Vicenza
Current Perspectives in Kidney Diseases
Volume Editors
Gaetano La Manna Bologna
Claudio Ronco Vicenza
28 figures,18 in color, and 15 tables, 2017
Contributions to Nephrology
(Founded 1975 by Geoffrey M. Berlyne)
_______________________ Gaetano La Manna Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit St. Orsola Hospital University of Bologna Via Massarenti 9 IT–40138 Bologna (Italy)
_______________________ Claudio Ronco Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV) San Bortolo Hospital Viale Rodolfi 37 IT–36100 Vicenza (Italy)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: La Manna, Gaetano, editor. | Ronco, C. (Claudio), 1951- editor.
Title: Current perspectives in kidney diseases / volume editors, Gaetano La Manna, Claudio Ronco.
Description: Basel; New York : Karger, 2017. | Series: Contributions to nephrology, ISSN 0302–5144 ; v. 190 | Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017019015 (print) | LCCN 2017018454 (ebook) | ISBN 9783318060614 (e-book) | ISBN 9783318060607 (hard cover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9783318060614 (eISBN)
Subjects: | MESH: Kidney Diseases--therapy | Renal Dialysis | Kidney Transplantation
Classification: LCC RC903 (print) | LCC RC903 (ebook) | NLM WJ 300 | DDC 616.6/1--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017019015

Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents® and Index Medicus.
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© Copyright 2017 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH–4009 Basel (Switzerland)
www.karger.com
Printed on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706)
ISSN 0302–5144
e-ISSN 1662–2782
ISBN 978–3–318–06060–7
e-ISBN 978–3–318–06061–4
Contents
Foreword
Present and Future of Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease
La Manna, G. (Bologna); Ronco, C. (Vicenza)
Perspectives in Acute Kidney Injury
Extracorporeal Treatments in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury and Sepsis
Marengo, M. (Cuneo); Dellepiane, S. (Torino); Cantaluppi, V. (Novara)
Citrate Anticoagulation during Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Ricci, D.; Panicali, L.; Facchini, M.G.; Mancini, E. (Bologna)
Coupled Plasma Filtration Adsorption Application for Liver and Thyroid Toxins
Donati, G.; Capelli, I.; Croci Chiocchini, A.L.; Natali, N.; Scrivo, A.; La Manna, G. (Bologna)
Extracorporeal Sorbent Technologies: Basic Concepts and Clinical Application
Clark, W.R. (West Lafayette, IN); Ferrari, F. (Vicenza); La Manna, G. (Bologna); Ronco, C. (Vicenza)
Development of the New Kibou® Equipment for Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy from Scratch to the Final Configuration
Neri, M.; Lorenzin, A.; Brendolan, A.; Garzotto, F.; Ferrari, F.; De Rosa, S.; Bonato, R.; Villa, G.; Bazzano, S.; D’Ippoliti, F. (Vicenza); Ricci, Z. (Rome); La Manna, G. (Bologna); Ronco, C. (Vicenza)
Perspectives in Nephrology and Chronic Kidney Disease
Phosphate in Chronic Kidney Disease Progression
Cozzolino, M. (Milan); Foque, D. (Pierre-Bénite); Ciceri, P.; Galassi, A. (Milan)
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23: Mineral Metabolism and Beyond
Grabner, A. (Durham, NC); Mazzaferro, S. (Rome); Cianciolo, G. (Bologna); Krick, S. (Birmingham, AL); Capelli, I. (Bologna); Rotondi, S. (Rome); Ronco, C. (Vicenza); La Manna, G. (Bologna); Faul, C. (Miami, FL)
Restenosis in Hemodialytic Fistulas and Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Vascular Disease: Two Pathologies Driven by Metakaryotic Stem Cells
Pasquinelli, G. (Bologna); Thilly, W.G.; Gostjeva, E.V. (Cambridge, MA); Todeschini, P.; Cianciolo, G. (Bologna); Ronco, C. (Vicenza); La Manna, G. (Bologna)
Mycophenolate Mofetil: A Possible Alternative Treatment for IgA Nephropathy
Baraldi, O.; Comai, G.; Cuna, V.; Cappuccilli, M.; Serra, C. (Bologna); Ronco, C. (Vicenza); La Manna, G. (Bologna)
Genetics and Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Progression
Corradi, V.; Giuliani, A.; Gastaldon, F.; de Cal, M.; Mancini, B.; Montaldi, A.; Alghisi, A. (Vicenza); Capelli, I.; La Manna, G. (Bologna); Ronco, C. (Vicenza)
Perspectives in Hemodialysis
Expanded Hemodialysis: A New Therapy for a New Class of Membranes
Ronco, C. (Vicenza); La Manna, G. (Bologna)
Mathematical Model of Potassium Profiling in Chronic Dialysis
Ursino, M.; Donati, G. (Bologna)
Home Hemodialysis: What Is Old Is New Again
Kerr, P.G.; Jaw, J. (Clayton, VIC)
Perspectives in Transplantation
Treatment of Acute Antibody-Mediated Rejection
Comai, G.; Ravaioli, M.; Baraldi, O.; Cuna, V.; Gasperoni, L.; D’Arcangelo, G.L.; Cappuccilli, M.; Pinna, A.D. (Bologna); Ronco, C. (Vicenza); La Manna, G. (Bologna)
Chronic Allograft Injury: An Overview of Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies
Madariaga, H.M. (Brockton, MA); Riella, L.V. (Boston, MA)
Looking into the Graft without a Biopsy: Biomarkers of Acute Rejection in Renal Transplantation
Angeletti, A. (New York, NY/Bologna); Cravedi, P. (New York, NY)
Author Index
Subject Index
Foreword
Present and Future of Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease
Recent advancements in technology and new discoveries represent a real renaissance in the field of Nephrology. After reaching a milestone in diagnostic techniques and renal replacement therapy, we are now moving towards a new generation of biomarkers for AKI, finding new possibilities of tracking damage progression in chronic nephropathies, testing new dialysis membranes and discovering new approaches for kidney transplantation. In spite of limited financial resources, several innovative opportunities are emerging in many areas of this scientific discipline, with the potential of shedding light on paths that have been either stagnant or unchanged for many years.
In chronic hemodialysis, new information about blood purification techniques and mechanisms of solute removal are now available. Adsorption and specific binding of molecules onto synthetic sorbent particles, the use of high cut-off membranes with novel electrochemical characteristics and expanded spectrum of removal characteristics have improved the ability to clear toxins in the middle-to-high molecular weight, resulting in improvements of clinical outcome.
The innovative approach to fluid management represents a further development of chronic extracorporeal treatment, strengthening the possibilities for home dialysis, with significant improvements in terms of quality of life and rehabilitation of kidney patients.
In acute renal replacement therapies, citrate anticoagulation, high cut-off membrane filters, specifically designed modules, combined techniques, coupled filtration and adsorption seem to permit synergistic interventions in the critical care setting, where extracorporeal therapies represent a method of organ support beyond kidney replacement.
Glomerulopathy therapies are in a phase of evolution. Recent evidences and ongoing trials reveal novel possibilities for treatment, thus enlarging the armamentarium of medications available for nephrologists, with satisfying effectiveness also in the long-term follow-up.
The role and validation of kidney injury biomarkers are important to establish reliable, reproducible, cost-effective, non-invasive early diagnosis. Moreover, the contribution of genetics, besides its diagnostic role, represents an essential predictive tool for risk stratification, disease progression and outcomes, providing the prospect of patient-tailored treatments based on genotype.
In addition, there is a growing body of research on mineral metabolism alterations, commonly identified as a trigger of cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease patients, with the involvement of FGF 23 and Klotho, especially in the earlier stages of the disease. The role of these molecules in the regulation of phosphorus metabolism represents only the tip of an iceberg: the impairment of a complex system underlying the progression of renal disease and cardiovascular damage, in a triangl