Crash Course: Quick Reference Guide to Medicine and Surgery , livre ebook

Crash Course: Quick Reference Guide to Medicine and Surgery
First Edition
Leonora Weil, MBBS, MA (Cantab), MSc, MFPH
Public Health Registrar, London, UK

SERIES EDITOR:
Dan Horton-Szar, BSc(Hons) MBBS(Hons) MRCGP
Northgate Medical Practice, Canterbury, Kent, UK

FACULTY ADVISORS:
John Rees, MD, FRCP, FKC
Professor of Medical Education, King’s College London School of Medicine, London, UK
Adrian Wagg, MBBS FRCP (Lond) FRCP (Edin) FHEA
Professor of Healthy Ageing, University of Alberta, Canada
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Series editor foreword
Author preface
List of faculty contributors
Acknowledgements
Picture credits
Dedication
Normal values
Abbreviations
1. The acutely unwell patient
Shock
2. Cardiology
3. Respiratory system
4. Gastroenterology
5. Hepatology
In detail
6. Neurology
7. Renal system
8. Haematology and oncology
Haematology
Oncology
9. Endocrinology
In detail
10. Rheumatology
11. Immunology and infectious diseases
12. Biochemistry
In detail
13. Surgery
Overview: fluids and nutrition
Overview: lesions, lumps and bumps
In detail
14. Common presenting complaints
Taking a history
In detail
15. Clinical examinations
Cardiac examination
Respiratory examination
GI system examination
Peripheral sensory neurological examination
peripheral motor neurological examination
Index
Copyright

Commissioning Editor : Jeremy Bowes
Development Editor: Fiona Conn
Project Manager: Andrew Riley
Designer: Stewart Larking
Icon Illustrations: Geo Parkin
Illustration Manager: Jennifer Rose
Illustrator: Antbits Ltd.
© 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions .
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
First edition 2014
ISBN: 978-0-7234-3553-2
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.


Printed in China
Series editor foreword
Dr Dan Horton-Szar, Series Editor
We are delighted to present this brand new addition to the Crash Course series. The Quick Reference Guide is different: designed as a companion book to the other titles, it collates the key learning points from the medical curriculum and presents them in one compact volume. It’s perfect for keeping in your bag to make the most of those quick opportunities for revision while travelling, or on the wards.
The Crash Course series first published in 1997 and now, 17 years on, we are still going strong. Medicine never stands still, and the work of keeping this series relevant for today’s students is an ongoing process. The latest books in the series, including this brand new title, build on the success of the previous titles and incorporate new and revised material, to keep the series up to date with current guidelines for best practice, and recent developments in medical research and pharmacology.
For this new title, we hold fast to the principles upon which we first developed the series. Crash Course will always bring you the information you need to revise in compact, manageable volumes that integrate basic medical science and clinical practice. The books still maintain the balance between clarity and conciseness, and provide sufficient depth for those aiming at distinction. The authors are medical students and junior doctors who have recent experience of the exams you are now facing, and the accuracy of the material is checked by a team of faculty advisors from across the UK.
Author preface
Leonora Weil
Adrian Wagg
John Rees
The main purpose of the book is to provide a clear, core text for medical students that includes everything that you need to understand and pass the final medical and surgical examinations. It can be used at each stage of your early medical career: from learning about a new disease, as a quick reference on the wards, for the MBBS examinations and even in your first years as a junior doctor.
Each chapter is co-written by experts, specialists in their field to ensure that the information is up to date and clearly presented. The chapters are prefaced with an ‘overview section’ that includes the key information that you should recall for each system so that you do not need to keep referring back to other books and includes key investigations applicable for each specialty. We have also included a chapter on the acutely unwell patient to prepare you to deal with emergency situations with confidence.
Within the chapters, each disease is presented in a consistent format to help you find what you need quickly and easily; each includes:
• A clear outline to ensure that you really understand what the disease is about and to help you remember the key points.
• Key pathology and physiology to aid understanding and provide the background knowledge needed for examinations.
• A section that includes associations and ‘the typical patient’ (a format that repeatedly comes up in examinations).
• Key symptoms, signs, tests, prognoses and complications deliberately not exhaustive and focused on the most commonly occurring for easy recall.
• Management, consistently divided into conservative, medical and surgical categories and clearly presented so that they are as useful for junior doctors as for those learning the theory for each disease. This section includes the main guidelines and what to do in an emergency situation so that everything can be found in one location.
• Mnemonics, memory aids and figures to help with revision.
This book was written with the medical student constantly in mind. We hope you find this book useful and we wish you the best of luck for your future medical career.
List of faculty contributors
Daniel Abeles, PhD, MRCP, MBBS, BSc Specialist Registrar Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London Medical School at King's College Hospital, London, UK
Nic Alexander, MA, MBBS, FRCS(Paed) Paediatric Surgeon, London, UK
Sarah Barsam, MBBS, MA, MRCP Clinical Research Fellow and Specialist Registrar, King's Thrombosis Centre and University College London Hospital, London, UK
Jonathan Behar, MBBS(Hons), BSc(Hons), MRCP(UK) Clinical Research Fellow and Specialist Registrar in Cardiology, Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Philip Gothard, FRCP Consultant Physician, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, UK
Anita Jayadev, Bsc(Hons), MBBS, MRCP, PGCert(Learning and Teaching), PGCert(Clinical Leadership) Respiratory SpR, North East Thames, London, UK
Nasser Khan, MD, FRCP Consultant Physician and Gastroenterologist, East and North Herts NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK
Gideon Lipman, MBBS, BSc, MRCP Specialist Registrar, London, UK
Anisur Rahman, MA, BM, BCh, PhD, FRCP Professor of Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
Laurie Sharman, MA(Cantab), MB, FRCP Consultant Physician and Nephrologist, London UK
Rimona Weil, PhD, MRCP Clinical Lecturer in Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neur