Common ENT Disorders in Children, An Issue of Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America , livre ebook

Clinics Review Articles Orthopedic Clinics of North America
Common ENT Disorders in Children

Dr. Charles M. Bower, MD
Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA

Dr. Gresham T. Richter, MD
Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Arkansas Children’s Hospital, 1 Children’s Way, Slot #836, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
ISSN  0030-6665 Volume 47 • Number 5 • October 2014
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
CME Accreditation Page
Target Audience
Learning Objectives
Accreditation
Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest
Unapproved/Off-Label Use Disclosure
To Enroll
Method of Participation
CME Inquiries/Special Needs
Contributors
Forthcoming Issues
Preface: Common ENT Disorders in Pediatrics
The Otolaryngologist's Role in Newborn Hearing Screening and Early Intervention
Key points
Introduction
Otolaryngologist role in infant hearing
The importance of early language access
Summary
Contemporary Concepts in Management of Acute Otitis Media in Children
Key points
Introduction and definitions
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology and microbiology
Diagnosis
Management
Complications
Recurrent AOM and tympanostomy tubes
Prevention
Complementary and alternative medicine
“At-risk” children and otitis media
Summary
Pediatric Tonsillectomy
Key points
Introduction
Developmental anatomy
Tonsillectomy healing
Clinical decision making
Procedure
Summary
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Children
Key points
Introduction
Mechanism of normal and dysfunctional swallowing
Etiology of oropharyngeal dysphagia
Evaluation of pediatric oropharyngeal dysphagia
Management of pediatric oropharyngeal dysphagia
Summary
Pediatric Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Key points
Introduction
Anatomic and physiologic considerations
Clinical presentation and physical examination
Differential diagnosis
Diagnostic modalities
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy
Indications for open biopsy
Summary
Pediatric Rhinosinusitis
Key points
Overview
Pathophysiology
Acute rhinosinusitis
Chronic rhinosinusitis
Gastroesophageal reflux
Surgery for CRS
Subperiosteal abscess of the orbit
Evaluation of the patient with CRS
Surgery for CF
Allergic fungal sinusitis
Summary
Facial Fractures in Children
Key points
Introduction
Growth and development
Epidemiology
Diagnosis and initial management
Resorbable fixation
Summary
Pediatric Sialadenitis
Key points
Introduction
Anatomy and pathophysiology
Clinical presentation and diagnosis
Diagnostic modalities
Management
Comorbid Psychosocial Issues Seen in Pediatric Otolaryngology Clinics
Key points
Introduction
Common disorders seen in pediatric otolaryngology clinics with psychosocial comorbidities
Hearing loss
Obstructed sleep-disordered breathing
Cleft lip and palate
Psychosocial functioning in the surgery patient
ADHD
ASD
Screening algorithm
Summary
Pediatric Stridor
Key points
Introduction
Anatomy and pathophysiology of stridor
Evaluation of the stridorous patient
Common and illustrative causes of stridor
Summary
Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Clefts
Key points
Introduction
Embryology
Epidemiology
Classification
Initial evaluation
Childhood/adolescent new patient evaluation
Early interventions
Surgical management
Follow-up care
Summary
Summary of key points
Index
CME Accreditation Page


Program Objective
The goal of the Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America is to provide information on the latest trends in patient management, the newest advances; and provide a sound basis for choosing treatment options in the field of otolaryngology.

Target Audience
All practicing physicians and healthcare professionals who provide patient care to otolaryngologic patients.

Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this activity, participants will be able to:

1.  Review pediatric rhinosinusitis, pediatric stridor, pediatric sialadenitis, pediatric tonsillectomy, and pediatric cervical lymphadenopathy.
2.  Discuss the diagnosis and management of patients with clefts.
3.  Recognize the management of oropharyngeal dysphagia and the management of acute otitis media in children.

Accreditation
The Elsevier Office of Continuing Medical Education (EOCME) is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
The EOCME designates this enduring material for a maximum of 15 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit (s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
All other health care professionals requesting continuing education credit for this enduring material will be issued a certificate of participation.

Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest
The EOCME assesses conflict of interest with its instructors, faculty, planners, and other individuals who are in a position to control the content of CME activities. All relevant conflicts of interest that are identified are thoroughly vetted by EOCME for fair balance, scientific objectivity, and patient care recommendations. EOCME is committed to providing its learners with CME activities that promote improvements or quality in healthcare and not a specific proprietary business or a commercial interest.
The planning committee, staff, authors and editors listed below have identified no financial relationships or relationships to products or devices they or their spouse/life partner have with commercial interest related to the content of this CME activity:
Charles M. Bower, MD; Jennings R. Boyette, MD; Brooke H. Davis; Venkata SPB Durvasula, MD; Carrie L. Francis, MD; Larry D. Hartzell, MD, FAAP; Kristen Helm; Christen M. Holder, PhD; Brynne Hunter; Joanne Husovski; Jonathan B. Ida, MD, MA, FAAP; Glenn Isaacson, MD, FAAP; Lauren A. Kilpatrick, MD; Christopher G. Larsen, MD; Sandy Lavery; Anthony Magit, MD, MPH; Jill McNair; Abby R. Nolder, MD; Ashley C. O’Neill, MS, CCC-SLP; Santha Priya; Eleni B. Rettig, MD; Gresham Thomas Richter, MD, FACS; Tara L. Rosenberg, MD; Rachel St. John, MD, NCC, NIC-A; Susan Showalter; Dana Mara Thompson, MD, MS, FACS; David E. Tunkel, MD; Wendy L. Ward, PhD.
The planning committee, staff, authors and editors listed below have identified financial relationships or relationships to products or devices they or their spouse/life partner have with commercial interest related to the content of this CME activity:

Unapproved/Off-Label Use Disclosure
The EOCME requires CME faculty to disclose to the participants:

1.  When products or procedures being discussed are off-label, unlabelled, experimental, and/or investigational (not US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved); and
2.  Any limitations on the information presented, such as data that are preliminary or that represent ongoing research, interim analyses, and/or unsupported opinions. Faculty may discuss information about pharmaceutical agents that is outside of FDA-approved labelling. This information is intended solely for CME and is not intended to promote off-label use of these medications. If you have any questions, contact the medical affairs department of the manufacturer for the most recent prescribing information.

To Enroll
To enroll in the Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Continuing Medical Education program, call customer service at 1-800-654-2452 or sign up online at http://www.theclinics.com/home/cme . The CME program is available to subscribers for an additional annual fee of USD 260.

Method of Participation
In order to claim credit, participants must complete the following:

1.  Complete enrolment as indicated above.
2.  Read the activity.
3.  Complete the CME Test and Evaluation. Participants must achieve a score of 70% on the test. All CME Tests and Evaluations must be completed online.

CME Inquiries/Special Needs
For all CME inquiries or special needs, please contact elsevierCME@elsevier.com .
Contributors
EDITORS
CHARLES M. BOWER, MD
Pediatric Otolaryngology, Professor Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Arkansas Children s Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
GRESHAM T. RICHTER, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Arkansas Children s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas
AUTHORS
CHARLES M. BOWER, MD
Pediatric Otolaryngology, Professor Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Arkansas Children s Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
JENNINGS R. BOYETTE, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Arkansas Children s Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
BROOKE H. DAVIS
Student, Episcopal Collegiate School, L