World Refugees Made , livre ebook

332

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English

Ebooks

2020

Écrit par
Pamela Ballinger

Publié par
Cornell University Press

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332

pages

English

Ebooks

2020

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Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne En savoir plus

Publié par

Cornell University Press

Date de parution

15 mars 2020

Nombre de lectures

EAN13

9781501747601

Langue

English

Poids de l'ouvrage

5 Mo

In The World Refugees Made, Pamela Ballinger explores Italy's remaking in light of the loss of a wide range of territorial possessions-colonies, protectorates, and provinces-in Africa and the Balkans, the repatriation of Italian nationals from those territories, and the integration of these "national refugees" into a country devastated by war and overwhelmed by foreign displaced persons from Eastern Europe. Post-World War II Italy served as an important laboratory, in which categories differentiating foreign refugees (who had crossed national boundaries) from national refugees (those who presumably did not) were debated, refined, and consolidated. Such distinctions resonated far beyond that particular historical moment, informing legal frameworks that remain in place today. Offering an alternative genealogy of the postwar international refugee regime, Ballinger focuses on the consequences of one of its key omissions: the ineligibility from international refugee status of those migrants who became classified as national refugees.The presence of displaced persons also posed the complex question of who belonged, culturally and legally, in an Italy that was territorially and politically reconfigured by decolonization. The process of demarcating types of refugees thus represented a critical moment for Italy, one that endorsed an ethnic conception of identity that citizenship laws made explicit. Such an understanding of identity remains salient, as Italians still invoke language and race as bases of belonging in the face of mass immigration and ongoing refugee emergencies. Ballinger's analysis of the postwar international refugee regime and Italian decolonization illuminates the study of human rights history, humanitarianism, postwar reconstruction, fascism and its aftermaths, and modern Italian history.

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Publié par

Cornell University Press

Date de parution

15 mars 2020

Nombre de lectures

EAN13

9781501747601

Langue

English

Poids de l'ouvrage

5 Mo

THE WORLD REFUGEES MADE

THEWORLDREFUGEES MADE

De col oni za t i on a nd t he Founda t i on of Pos t war I tal y

Pa m e l a B a l l i n g e r

CORNELL UNIVERSITY PRESS Ithaca and London

Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.

The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. To use this book, or parts of this book, in any way not covered by the license, please contact Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. Visit our website at cornellpress.cornell.edu.

First published 2020 by Cornell University Press

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Ballinger, Pamela, 1968– author. Title: The world refugees made : decolonization and the foundations of postwar Italy / Pamela Ballinger. Description: Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 2020. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2019020923 (print) | LCCN 2019981505 (ebook) | ISBN 9781501747588 (cloth) | ISBN 9781501747601 (pdf ) | ISBN 9781501747595 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Refugees—Italy—History— 20th century. | Repatriation—Italy—History— 20th century. | Italians—Africa—History— 20th century. | Italians—Balkan Peninsula— History—20th century. | Decolonization—Africa. | Decolonization—Balkan Peninsula. | Italy—Politics and government—1945–1976. Classification: LCC HV640.5.I8 B35 2020 (print) | LCC HV640.5.I8 (ebook) | DDC 308.9/069140945—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019020923 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc. gov/2019981505

Cover photograph courtesy of Archive Mario Schifano. “When I remember Giacomo Balla, New York City 1964.” 1964 enamel and graphite on paper mounted on canvas; 180x126 cm diptych.

For John My port of refuge

Co nt e nt s

List of Illustrations ix Prefacexi Acknowledgments xv List of Abbreviations xix Note on Names xxiii

Introduction: Mobile Histories 1. Empire as Prelude 2. Wartime Repatriations and the Beginnings of Decolonization 3. Italy’s Long Decolonization in the Era of Intergovernmentalism 4. Displaced Persons and the Borders of Citizenship 5. Reclaiming Fascism, Housing the Nation Conclusion: “We Will Return”

Notes 215 Archives and Collections Consulted 291 Index293

1 28

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175 206

I l lu s t r at i o n s

1. Map of Italy in 1961 at the close of formal decolonization 2. Detail from wall maps at former IsIAO site 3. Map of Italian Empire, 1940 4. Italian Red Cross sisters assisting Italian civilians, Berbera 5. Italian civilians from Ethiopia in transit to repatriation ships, Berbera 6. “Torneremo,” 1943 7.Guida del rimpatriato d’Africa 8. Eritreans welcome UN commission, 1950 9. The road to decolonization: Italia Oltremare in 1952 10. Casa Doria, Fertilia, Sardinia 11. Wives of HELP refugees, Simaxis, Italy, 2015 12. “Ritorneremo”: Political poster in Monteverde neighborhood of Rome, 2011

19 22 41 50

51 56 57 127 133 185 200

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