Urban Culture in Medieval Wales , livre ebook

Urban Culture in
Medieval Wales
Edited by
Helen Fulton
University of Wales Press
Royal cover template.indd 1 22/05/2012 10:10:02Royal cover template.indd 2 22/05/2012 10:10:02Urban Culture in Medieval Wales
00 Prelims_ Urban Culture 26_4_2012.indd 1 4/26/2012 1:38:01 PM00 Prelims_ Urban Culture 26_4_2012.indd 2 4/26/2012 1:38:01 PMUrban Culture in Medieval Wales
Edited by
Helen Fulton
Cardiff
Univ Ersity of Wal Es Pr Ess
2012
00 Prelims_ Urban Culture 26_4_2012.indd 3 4/26/2012 1:38:01 PM© Te Contributors, 2012
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any material form
(including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and
whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication)
without the written permission of the copyright owner except in accordance
with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Applications
for the copyright owner’s written permission to reproduce any part of this
publication should be addressed to The University of Wales Press, 10 Columbus
Walk, Brigantine Place, Cardiff, CF10 4UP.
www.uwp.co.uk
British Library CIP Data
a catalogue record for this book is available from the British l ibrary
is Bn 978-0-7083-2351-9 (hardback)
978-0-7083-2503-2 (paperback)
e-isBn 978-0-7083-2350-6
Te rights of the Contributors to be identifed as authors of this work have been
asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 79 of the Copyright, d esigns
and Patents a ct 1988.
t ypeset in Wales by Eira fenn Gaunt, Cardif
Printed by CPi a ntony r owe, Chippenham, Wiltshire
00 Prelims_ Urban Culture 26_4_2012.indd 4 4/26/2012 1:38:01 PMContents
acknowledgement vii
l ist of Maps, figures and t ables ix
n otes on Contributorsxiii
introduction: Te impact of U rbanization in Medieval Wales 1
Helen Fulton
1 Who Were the t ownsfolk of Medieval Wales? 9
Ralph A. Grifths
2 in s earch of an Urban identity: a spects of Urban s ociety in
l ate Medieval Wales 19
Llinos B. Smith
3 Te t ownscape, 1400–1600 51
Richard Suggett
4 t owns in Medieval Welsh Poetry 95
Dafydd Johnston
5 s ocial Confict in Welsh t owns c.1280–1530 117
Spencer Dimmock
6 a nglo-Welsh t owns of the Early fourteenth Century:
a s urvey of Urban o rigins, Property-Holding and Ethnicity 137
Matthew Frank Stevens
7 Te t ownswomen of Wales: s inglewomen, Work and s ervice,
c.1300–c.1550 163
Deborah Youngs
8 Castle and t own in Medieval Wales 183
Dylan Foster Evans
9 Te City of Chester in G rufudd ap Maredudd’s Awdl i’r
Grog o Gaer205
Catherine McKenna
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10 fairs, feast-d ays and Carnival in Medieval Wales:
s ome Poetic Evidence 223
Helen Fulton
11 Entertainment and r ecreation in the t owns of Early Wales 253
David Klausner
12 Te Welsh d iaspora in Early t udor English t owns 271
Peter Fleming
s elect Bibliography 295
index 317
vi
00 Prelims_ Urban Culture 26_4_2012.indd 6 4/26/2012 1:38:01 PMAcknowledgement
While this book was in the fnal stages of preparation, the funding base
of the University of Wales Press was changed by the Welsh Government. i
am extremely grateful to the r esearch institute for a rts and Humanities at
s wansea University, under the leadership of Professor Chris Williams, with -
out whose fnancial support this book could not have been published.
Helen fulton
University of york
00 Prelims_ Urban Culture 26_4_2012.indd 7 4/26/2012 1:38:01 PM00 Prelims_ Urban Culture 26_4_2012.indd 8 4/26/2012 1:38:01 PMList of Maps, Figures and Tables
Maps
Map 1 Main market towns and abbeys in medieval Wales
Map 2 Wales and England after 1284
Map 12.1 Te Welsh population of early-t udor Bristol: zones
Figures
figure 3.1 l lanidloes Market Hall
figure 3.2 o ld Courthouse, r uthin
figure 3.3 Bull Hotel, d enbigh
figure 3.4 Bull Hotel, d enbigh (detail)
figure 3.5 Cross Keys inn, s wansea
figure 3.6 George & d ragon Hotel, Beaumaris
figure 3.7 Gdeaumaris (detail)
figure 3.8 Hen Blas, Beaumaris
figure 3.9 a berconwy House, Conwy
figure 3.10 r oyal House, Machynlleth
figure 3.11 Halls and shops at t own Hill, Wrexham
figure 3.12 High s treet, d enbigh
figure 3.13 Whitehall, Presteigne
figure 3.14 s t Giles’s Church, Wrexham
00 Prelims_ Urban Culture 26_4_2012.indd 9 4/26/2012 1:38:01 PMList of Maps, Figures and Tables
Tables
t able 6.1 Welsh towns: urban origins and ethnic integration, c.1300
t able 6.2 t enant and taxpayer lists, c.1300
t able 12.1 Te fve towns assessed in 1524/5
t able 12.2 s hrewsbury craft guilds, 1524
t able 12.3 s hrewsbury non-guild members by ward
t able 12.4 Bristol, 1524
t able 12.5 Bristol zones by range
t able 12.6 Bones range adjusted
t able 12.7 English and Welsh assessed as waged
x
00 Prelims_ Urban Culture 26_4_2012.indd 10 4/26/2012 1:38:01 PMMap 1 Main market towns and abbeys in medieval Wales
xi
00 Prelims_ Urban Culture 26_4_2012.indd 11 4/26/2012 1:38:02 PMMap 2 Wales and England after 1284
xii
00 Prelims_ Urban Culture 26_4_2012.indd 12 4/26/2012 1:38:02 PMThe Contributors
Spencer Dimmock is an Honorary a ssociate of the College of a rts and
Humanities at s wansea University. He has published numerous articles on
late medieval Welsh and English economy and society. He is currently working
on a book which will contribute to the debate concerning the transition
from feudalism to capitalism and is provisionally entitled Te Origin of
Capitalism in England: A Defence of Robert Brenner, to be published by Brill
in 2012–13.
Dylan Foster Evans is s enior l ecturer in the s chool of Welsh at Cardif
University. His main research area is late medieval poetry, and he has edited
the work of the ffteenth-century poets r hys Goch Eryri, Hywel s wrdwal
and ieuan ap Hywel s wrdwal. He is particularly interested in medieval aspects
of postcolonialism, multiculturalism and ecocriticism.
Peter Fleming is Principal l ecturer in Medieval History at the University
of the West of England, Bristol, and a fellow of the r oyal Historical s ociety.
He works on later medieval urban history, with particular reference to Bristol
and its region. He has published widely on medieval English history, but
also has an interest in Welsh and irish immigration into England in the
‘long ffteenth century’. His doctoral research was carried out at the University
of Wales, s wansea.
Helen Fulton is Professor of Medieval l iterature at the University of york.
s he has published widely on medieval Welsh literature and its social and
00 Prelims_ Urban Culture 26_4_2012.indd 13 4/26/2012 1:38:02 PMThe Contributors
political contexts. s he is the editor of the Blackwell Companion to Arthurian
Literature (2009) and the editor of the Transactions of the Honourable Society
of Cymmrodorion.
Ralph Grifths is Emeritus Professor of Medieval History, swansea
University, and formerly Chairman of the r oyal Commission on the a ncient
and Historical Monuments of Wales. He has published extensively on the
history of Wales and England in the late Middle a ges; recent books include
(with r oger s . Tomas) Te Making of the Tudor Dynasty (1985), King and
Country: England and Wales in the Fifteenth Century (1991) and Te Fourteenth
and Fifteenth Centuries in the Short Oxford History of the British Isles (2003).
He is currently General Editor of Te Gwent County History, fve vols (2004–
2012).
Dafydd Johnston has been d irector of the University of Wales Centre for
a dvanced Welsh and Celtic studies at a berystwyth since 2008, and was
formerly Professor of Welsh at s wansea University. He has published on all
aspects of Welsh literature, and his research has focused on the poetry of
the later Middle a ges, particularly the work of d afydd ap Gwilym.
David Klausner is Professor of English and Medieval s tudies at the University
of t oronto. for the series r ecords of Early English d rama he has edited
the volumes Herefordshire and Worcestershire, and Wales, and is presently
editing the records of the n orth r iding of yorkshire. He is d irector of the
Centre for Performance studies in Early Teatre, and has recently edited
Te Pride of Life, Wisdom and Te Castle of Perseverance.
Catherine McKenna is Margaret Brooks r obinson Professor of Celtic
l anguages and l iteratures at Harvard University. Her research focuses on
the medieval vernacular literatures of Wales and ireland. s he is among the
editors of the Cyfres Beirdd y Tywysogion and author of Te Medieval Welsh
Religious Lyric: Poems of the Gogynfeirdd 1137–1282. she is inter ested in
the history of popular religion – saints’ cults, sacred places, and pilgrimage
– and is completing a book on the cult of s aint Brigit of ireland from its
origins to the present day.
Llinos Beverley Smith graduated in History from the University of l ondon
and, after postgraduate work there, was appointed to the d epartment of
xiv
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Welsh History (subsequently the d epartment of History and Welsh History)
at a berystwyth University, where she taught the history of medieval Wales
and of medieval Europe until her retirement. s he has published extensively
on the social, economic and legal history of late medieval Wales. s he
contributed to Boroughs of Mediaeval Wales (ed. r . a . Grifths) and a chapter on
the towns of medieval Merioneth to Te History of Merioneth, Volume II,
which she co-edited with Professor J. Beverley s mith.
Matthew Frank Stevens holds a Phd from the University of Wales, a
berystwyth (2005) in medieval social and economic history. in 2005–6 he was
an Economic History s ociety postdoctoral fello w at the University of o xford.
s ubsequently, he was a r esearch o fcer at the institute of H istorical r esearch,
University of l ondon (2006–10) and v isiting fellow of n icolaus Copernicus
University, t oruń, Pol