To Live upon Hope , livre ebook

333

pages

English

Ebooks

2011

Écrit par
Rachel Wheeler

Publié par
Cornell University Press

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333

pages

English

Ebooks

2011

Lire un extrait

Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne En savoir plus

Publié par

Cornell University Press

Date de parution

02 mai 2011

EAN13

9780801463488

Langue

English

Poids de l'ouvrage

3 Mo

Two Northeast Indian communities with similar histories of colonization accepted Congregational and Moravian missionaries, respectively, within five years of one another: the Mohicans of Stockbridge, Massachusetts (1735), and Shekomeko, in Dutchess County, New York (1740). In To Live upon Hope, Rachel Wheeler explores the question of what "missionary Christianity" became in the hands of these two native communities.The Mohicans of Stockbridge and Shekomeko drew different conclusions from their experiences with colonial powers. Both tried to preserve what they deemed core elements of Mohican culture. The Indians of Stockbridge believed education in English cultural ways was essential to their survival and cast their acceptance of the mission project as a means of preserving their historic roles as cultural intermediaries. The Mohicans of Shekomeko, by contrast, sought new sources of spiritual power that might be accessed in order to combat the ills that came with colonization, such as alcohol and disease.Through extensive research, especially in the Moravian records of day-to-day life, Wheeler offers an understanding of the lived experience of Mohican communities under colonialism. She complicates the understanding of eighteenth-century American Christianity by demonstrating that mission programs were not always driven by the destruction of indigenous culture and the advancement of imperial projects. In To Live upon Hope, Wheeler challenges the prevailing view of accommodation or resistance as the two poles of Indian responses to European colonization; colonialism placed severe strains on native peoples, yet Indians also exercised a level of agency and creativity that aided in their survival.

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Publié par

Cornell University Press

Date de parution

02 mai 2011

EAN13

9780801463488

Langue

English

Poids de l'ouvrage

3 Mo

to live upon hope

== to live upon hope ==

Mohicans and Missionaries in the EighteenthCentury Northeast

Rachel Wheeler

Cornell University Press Ithaca and London

All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For informa tion, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850.

First published 2008 by Cornell University Press First printing,

Printed in the United States of America

Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data

Wheeler, Rachel M. To live upon hope : Mohicans and missionaries in the eighteenthcentury Northeast / Rachel Wheeler. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 9780801446313 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Stockbridge Indians—Missions—Massachusetts—Stockbridge— History—18th century. 2. Moravian Indians—Missions—New York (State)—Shekomeko Site—History—18th century. 3. Mahican Indians—Missions—History—18th century. 4. Congregational churches—Missions—Massachusetts— Stockbridge—History—18th century. 5. Moravian Church— Missions—New York (State)—Shekomeko Site—History— 18th century. 6. Stockbridge (Mass.)—History—18th century. 7. Shekomeko Site (N.Y.)—History—18th century. 8. Stock bridge (Mass.)—Ethnic relations. 9. Shekomeko Site (N.Y.)— Ethnic relations. I. Title

E99.S8W54 2008 974.4'004973449—dc22

2007050005

Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally respon sible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials include vegetablebased, lowVOC inks and acidfree papers that are recycled, totally chlorinefree, or partly composed of nonwood ﬁbers. For further information, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu.

Cloth printing

1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

To my daughter, Sylvia, my parents, John and Margaret Wheeler, and the memory of my grandparents, Leonard and Cornelia Wheeler

Contents

List of Maps and Illustrations Acknowledgments 1. Introduction: IndianandChristian

Part I. Hope 2. The River God and the Lieutenant 3. Covenants, Contracts, and the Founding of Stockbridge

Part II. Renewal 4. The Chief and the Orator 5. Moravian Missionaries of the Blood 6. Mohican Men and Jesus asManitou

Part III. Preservation 7. The Village Matriarch and the Young Mother 8. Mohican Women and the Community of the Blood

ix xi 1

17 27

67 80 105

135 145

viii Contents

Part IV. Persecution 9. The Dying Chief and the Accidental Missionary 10. Indian and White Bodies Politic at Stockbridge

Conclusion 11. Irony and Identity 12. The Cooper and the Sachem 13. Epilogue: Real and Ideal Indians Abbreviations Notes Index

175 187

225 233 245 251 255 309

Maps and Illustrations

Maps Map 1: Tribal Territories Map 2: Indian and White Settlements in the Eighteenth Century

Illustrations Figure 1:Etow Oh Koam, King of the River NationFigure 2: Mission House, Stockbridge, Massachusetts Figure 3: “Baptism of Indians in America” Figure 4: Signatures of Indian LeadersFigure 5: “Easter Liturgy” Figure 6: Sketch of Shekomeko by Johannes Hagen Figure 7: Portrait of Jonathan EdwardsFigure 8: “King Hendric, A Mohawk Indian” Figure 9:Tschoop and Shabasch, Christian Indians of North America

22 61 75 78 122 161 179 182

248

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