The Welsh and the Medieval World , livre ebook

THE WELSH AND THE MEDIEVAL WORLD
The Welsh and the Medieval World
Travel, Migration and Exile
edited by
Patricia Skinner
© The Contributors, 2018
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright owner except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Applications for the copyright owner’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the University of Wales Press, 10 Columbus Walk, Brigantine Place, Cardiff, CF10 4UP.
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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-1-78683-188-0 (hardback)
978-1-78683-189-7 (paperback)
e-ISBN: 978-1-78683-191-0
The rights of the Contributors to be identified as authors of this work have been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 79 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
The contributors gratefully acknowledge grants received from HEFCW and the University of Winchester to bring this volume to publication.
The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for any external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
Cover design: Olwen Fowler
Cover image: Johann Reger, Prima Europe tabula (Map of the British Isles from Ptolemy’s Geography, 1486), folio 152. Supplied by LlyfrgellGenedlaetholCymru / National Library of Wales.
C ONTENTS
List of abbreviations
List of figures, tables and appendices
List of contributors
Welsh diaspora history: reinstating the pre-modern
Patricia Skinner
PART I: WALES AND THE NEIGHBOURS
1 Moving from Wales and the west in the fifth century: isotope evidence for eastward migration in Britain
Janet Kay
2 Emma d’Audley and the clash of laws in thirteenth-century northern Powys
Emma Cavell
3 Migration and integration: Welsh secular clergy in England in the fifteenth century
Rhun Emlyn
4 ‘A vice common in Wales’: abduction, prejudice and the search for justice in the regional and central courts of early Tudor society
Deborah Youngs
PART II: WALES, EUROPE AND THE WORLD
5 Welsh pilgrims and crusaders in the Middle Ages
Kathryn Hurlock
6 Welsh-French diplomacy in the Middle Ages
Gideon Brough
7 Documents relevant to Wales before the Edwardian conquest in the Vatican archives
Bryn Jones
8 Wales and the wider world: the soldiers’ perspective
Adam Chapman
9 The mixed jury in Wales: a preliminary inquiry into ethno-religious administration and conflict resolution in the medieval world, c .1100–1350 CE
Michael Hill
Bibliography
A BBREVIATIONS
AoC
R. R. Davies, The Age of Conquest: Wales 1063–1415 (Oxford, 2000)
AWR
H. Pryce (ed.), with C. Insley, The Acts of the Welsh Rulers 1120–1283 (Cardiff, 2005)
BBCS
Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies
Cal. IPM
Calendar of Inquisitions post mortem
CCR
Calendar of Close Rolls
CChR
Calendar of Charter Rolls
CLR
Calendar of Liberate Rolls
CPR
Calendar of Patent Rolls
CWR
Calendar of Various Chancery Rolls, Supplementary Close Rolls, Welsh Rolls, and Scutage Rolls preserved in the Public Record Office, 1277–1326 (London: HMSO, 1912)
EAWD
J. C. Davies (ed.), Episcopal Acts and Cognate Documents relating to Welsh Dioceses 1066–1272 , 2 vols (Cardiff, 1946–8)
EHR
English Historical Review
EME
Early Medieval Europe
GCO
Gerald of Wales (Giraldi Cambrensis), Opera , ed. J. S. Brewer, J. F. Dimock and G. F. Warner, 8 vols, Rolls Series 21 (London, 1861–91)
JEccH
Journal of Ecclesiastical History
JMH
Journal of Medieval History
MGH
Monumenta Germaniae Historica
WHR
Welsh History Review
F IGURES, T ABLES AND A PPENDICES
Figures
1.1a Geological map of Britain, with locations of 87 Sr/ 86 Sr values in relation to site locations. After Evans et al., ‘Spatial Variations in Biosphere 87Sr/86Sr in Britain’, Journal of the Geological Society , 167 (2010), fig. 1b
1.1b Map showing groundwater δ 18 O dw contours. After Darling et al., ‘The O & H Stable Isotopic Composition of Fresh Waters in the British Isles. 2. Surface Waters and Groundwater’, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences , 7.2 (2003), fig. 6
1.2 Map of all sites studied, laid over groundwater δ 18 18O dw contours. The line running from the Tyne to Cornwall divides the north/west and south/east halves of Britain. Acknowledgement: Permit Number CP17/026 British Geological Survey © NERC 2017. All rights reserved
1.3 Strontium 87 Sr/ 86 Sr and oxygen δ 18 O dw values for all sampled individuals, according to period, displayed against twenty individuals that make up the north/western oxygen signature. Acknowledgement: Permit Number CP17/026 British Geological Survey © NERC 2017. All rights reserved
1.4 Location of Sites and relative % that each regional population makes up of the entire sampled population from that cemetery. Acknowledgement: Permit Number CP17/026 British Geological Survey © NERC 2017. All rights reserved
2.1 Simple genealogy of the D’Audley family
3.1 Welsh secular clergy ordained in London by decade
Tables
1.1 The quantity of burials with strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and oxygen (δ 18 O dw ) values from each cemetery or burial population
1.2 Regional origins according to site and chronological period, as indicated by isotope results
1.3 Regional origins according to site and chronological period, as indicated by isotope results, according to gender and age
2.1 Emma D’Audley’s appearances in the Welsh assize court
3.1 Welsh secular clergy ordained in London by diocese
3.2 Welsh secular clergy ordained in Salisbury by diocese
8.1 Hywel Swrdal’s military career
Appendices
3.1 Welsh secular clergy in London ordination lists
3.2 Welsh secular clergy in Salisbury ordination lists
6.1 Translated sources for Welsh-French diplomacy
L IST OF C ONTRIBUTORS
Gideon Brough gained his PhD from Cardiff University, where for over a decade he has taught on warfare, medieval France, medieval Wales and the Hundred Years War. He is the author of The Rise and Fall of Owain Glyn Dŵr (London: I. B. Tauris, 2017) and he made numerous contributions to The Encyclopaedia of War (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012). He continues to work on medieval warfare and diplomatic relations..
Emma Cavell is a Research Officer on the AHRC-funded project ‘Women Negotiating the Boundaries of Justice: Britain and Ireland c .1100–1750’. She was previously a Lecturer in medieval history at the University of Leeds. She has published numerous papers on the history of women in the Welsh Marches, and is currently completing a project exploring the interaction of gender, status and locality in shaping the lives of noblewomen of the Anglo-Welsh frontier between 1066 and 1282/3.
Adam Chapman is currently Editor and Training Coordinator with the Victoria County History based at the Institute of Historical Research. He received his PhD in 2010 from the University of Southampton, and worked there on the AHRC-funded project, ‘The Soldier in Later Medieval England, 1369–1453’. His research interests include the cultural effects of war on medieval society, the development of the medieval landscape, and tracing the lives and careers of individuals through documentary records.
Rhun Emlyn is an Associate Lecturer in history and Welsh history at Aberystwyth University, with special research interests in ecclesiastical and political history, as well as Welsh history. His current work concentrates on medieval Welsh students, their careers and their influence on European and Welsh society.
Michael Hill gained his PhD from Rutgers University in 2014, examining ethnicity and cultural change in medieval Wales. He has published on this subject in Welsh History Review , and is currently working for a private education company in Princeton as a specialist in European and world history.
Kathryn Hurlock is Senior Lecturer in medieval history at Manchester Metropolitan University. She is the author of Wales and the Crusades, 1095–1291 (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2011), and co-edited Crusading and Pilgrimage in the Norman World (Woodbridge: Boydell, 2015) with Paul Oldfield, and The Brill Companion to Medieval Wales (Leiden: Brill, forthcoming) with Emma Cavell.
Bryn Jones is a PhD student at the University of St Andrews, where he holds the Saunders Lewis Memorial Scholarship. His project focuses on Wales and Rome before the Edwardian conquest.
Janet Kay completed her PhD at Boston College. She is now a Fellow of the Society of Fellows in the Liberal Arts at Princeton University. Her first book, Norse in Newfoundland (Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, 2012), explored the relationship between the Vinland Sagas and archaeological evidence for Norse exploration in the North Atlantic.
Patricia Skinner holds a Personal Chair in history at Swansea University. She has published extensively on medieval social and cultural history, and has a particular interest in minority histories. Her most recent book is Living with Disfigurement in Early Medieval Europe (New York: Palgrave, 2017).
Deborah Youngs is a Professor in medieval history at Swansea University, and director of the AHRC-funded project ‘Women Negotiating the Boundaries of Justice: Britain and Ireland c .1100–1750’. Apart from her publications on women and the life cycle, she is interested in early Tudor reading communities, and edited the Letter Book of Henry, Lord Stafford (1501–63) for the Staffordshire Record Society.
Introduction
Welsh diaspora history: reinstating the pre-modern
Patricia Skinner
How did the Welsh travel beyond their