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190
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2016
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Publié par
Date de parution
01 septembre 2016
Nombre de lectures
0
EAN13
9781611176667
Langue
English
A collection of important but little-known scholarship examining the Civil War and Reconstruction
South Carolina in the Civil War and Reconstruction Eras is an anthology of the most enduring and important scholarly articles about the Civil War and Reconstruction era published in the peer-reviewed journal Proceedings of the South Carolina Historical Association. Past officers of the South Carolina Historical Association (SCHA) Michael Brem Bonner and Fritz Hamer have selected twenty-three essays from the several hundred published since 1931 to create this treasure trove of scholarship on an impressive variety of subjects including race, politics, military events, and social issues.
The volume is divided by topic into five subsections. "The Politics of Secession and Civil War" stimulates thought on many of the era's leading political figures and their respective policies, and "On the Battlefront" describes the effects of war on soldiers and civilians. Several historians investigate the people and institutions of southern society at war in "On the Home Front." Dan T. Carter addresses the impact of emancipation on the South in the early stages of Reconstruction in "Emancipation, Race, and Society." The essays in "The Politics of Reconstruction" investigate the contentious end of Reconstruction in South Carolina.
All articles published in the Proceedings after 2002 are available on the SCHA website, but this volume offers, for the first time, easy access to the journal's best articles on the Civil War and Reconstruction up through 2001. Preeminent scholars such as Frank Vandiver, Dan T. Carter, and Orville Vernon Burton are among the contributors to this collection, which should reinvigorate interest in a new historical synthesis of the Palmetto State's experience during that era.
Publié par
Date de parution
01 septembre 2016
Nombre de lectures
0
EAN13
9781611176667
Langue
English
SOUTH CAROLINA IN THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION ERAS
SOUTH CAROLINA IN THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION ERAS
Essays from the Proceedings of the South Carolina Historical Association
Edited by
Michael Brem Bonner and Fritz Hamer
The University of South Carolina Press
© 2016 University of South Carolina
Published by the University of South Carolina Press
Columbia, South Carolina 29208
www.sc.edu/uscpress
24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data can be found at http://catalog.loc.gov/
ISBN 978-61117-664-3 (cloth)
ISBN 978-61117-665-0 (paperback)
ISBN 978-1-61117-666-7 (ebook)
FRONT COVER PHOTOGRAPHS — top: Charleston 1865. Meeting Street, looking south; bottom: Francis W. Pickens ( left ) and General Quincy A. Gillmore ( right ), Internet Archive Book Images, flickr.com ; Lieutenant General Wade Hampton C.S.A. ( center ), Wikimedia Commons
CONTENTS
Editors’ Note
Acknowledgments
Introduction
The Politics of Secession and Civil War
The Age of Lincoln: Then and Now (2010)
Orville Vernon Burton
Francis W. Pickens and the War Begins (1970)
John B. Edmunds Jr .
Attorney General Isaac W. Hayne and the South Carolina Executive Council of 1862 (1952)
Lowry P. Ware
William L. Yancey and the League of United Southerners (1946)
Austin L. Venable
William W. Boyce: A Leader of the Southern Peace Movement (1978)
Roger P. Leemhuis
On the Battlefront
The Bombardment of Charleston, 1863–1865: Union General Quincy Gillmore, the Targeting of Civilians, and the Ethics of Modern War (2004)
Christopher A. Mekow
Dalton and the Rebirth of the Army of Tennessee (2002)
Louis B. Towles
On the Home Front
The South Carolina Ordnance Board, 1860–1861 (1945)
Frank Vandiver
The Work of Soldiers’ Aid Societies in South Carolina during the Civil War (1938)
James Welch Patton
Dissatisfaction and Desertion in Greenville District, South Carolina, 1860–1865 (2001)
Aaron W. Marrs
The Problem of Relief for the Families of Confederate Soldiers in South Carolina (1994)
Patricia Dora Bonnin
Emancipation, Race, and Society
Fateful Legacy: White Southerners and the Dilemma of Emancipation (1977)
Dan T. Carter
The Freedmen’s Bureau and Its Carolina Critics (1962)
Martin Abbott
Edgefield Reconstruction: Political Black Leaders (1988)
Orville Vernon Burton
The New Regime: Race, Politics, and Police in Reconstruction Charleston, 1865–1875 (1994)
Laylon Wayne Jordan
A Reconsideration: The University of South Carolina during Reconstruction (1974)
John Herbert Roper
The Politics of Reconstruction
Wade Hampton and the Rise of One-Party Racial Orthodoxy in South Carolina (1977)
Richard Mark Gergel
The South Carolina Constitution of 1865 as a Democratic Document (1942)
John Harold Wolfe
Andrew Johnson: The Second Swing ’Round the Circle (1966)
Robert J. Moore
Righteous Lives: A Comparative Study of the South Carolina Scalawag Leadership during Reconstruction (2003)
Lewie Reece
Wade Hampton: Conflicted Leader of the Conservative Democracy? (2007)
Fritz Hamer
Governor Chamberlain and the End of Reconstruction (1977)
Robert J. Moore
No Tears of Penitence: Religion, Gender, and the Aesthetic of the Lost Cause in the 1876 Hampton Campaign (2001)
W. Scott Poole
Contributors
Index
EDITORS’ NOTE
T hroughout the process of preparing this collection of outstanding articles, we have learned a great deal about editing and the technology used to assist in this endeavor. We do not consider ourselves to be experts at editing procedures and confess to have been completely unaware of the optical character recognition (OCR) process before we embarked upon this project. We worked hard to improve antiquated usages in the articles like a variety of formatting styles and different citation methods by updating then into a more uniform and up-to-date format. This was no easy task. There was a widespread problem with partial notations in the original articles. We attempted to track down all the original source materials and were successful in many cases, but some of the full citations remained elusive, despite our best efforts. For this we apologize, but the problem demonstrates the importance of consistent editing in the historical profession and the vital role of source citation in providing future generations with the ability to dig deeper into individual works of scholarship. The articles contained mistakes which we tried to correct, but we also attempted not to impose any further errors into the material. We made our best effort to rehabilitate these articles, but we also take full responsibility for any remaining errors. We hope that the benefits of bringing this impressive collection of previously little-known scholarship to a wider audience will outweigh any detractive errors in the text.
Fritz Hamer Michael Brem Bonner
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
O n the surface, editing projects such as this would seem straightforward. The reality is that many people are involved. As the editors we needed a way to transcribe these twenty-four articles from over eighty years of the Proceedings without having to retype each one. Today’s technology is wonderful, but it required the skills and assistance of several people for us to find our way through the maze. Without cooperation from these individuals, this project would have been much harder, if not impossible. First we want to acknowledge the assistance of two colleagues at Thomas Cooper Library at the University of South Carolina. Elvin Boone, manager of Cooper Technology Lounge, led us to Bill Boland, of the Interlibrary Loan Department, who scanned all the articles. Next we are particularly indebted to William Schmidt, Jr., for converting all these scanned files to OCR text in order for us to format each article to standards that conformed to the University of South Carolina Press requirements. This step was crucial to the project, and each article took one to two hours to convert. Bill, as always, was very gracious in volunteering so much of his time in this process. We also want to thank University of South Carolina Press editor Alex Moore for his help throughout, providing guidance on press standards and reviewing each article for compatibility and consistency. Finally we also want to thank our colleagues at the South Carolina Historical Association for their enthusiastic support for the project. We trust that it will meet their expectations and that this volume will increase the visibility and readership of the organization in for the future.
INTRODUCTION
E vents in South Carolina serve as historical bookends to the era between 1860 and 1877. Historians recognize South Carolina’s centrality to the Civil War’s beginning in 1861 and to the end of Reconstruction in 1877. The secession crisis of 1860–61 centered on fire-eating secessionists, many either in, or with direct links to, South Carolina. After Lincoln’s election in 1860, national attention turned to South Carolina’s secession on December 20 and then to the Fort Sumter crisis. Americans on both sides of the Mason-Dixon line anxiously watched the events that culminated in the bombardment of April 12, 1861. After this dramatic episode, Civil War events in South Carolina were overshadowed by the bloody battles and campaigns in the Eastern and Western theaters. To be sure, South Carolina witnessed its share of fighting at Port Royal, Charleston, and eventually the final reckoning with Sherman’s March through the state in 1865, but most wartime attention was rightly focused elsewhere from 1862 to 1864.
Reconstruction in South Carolina also garnered national attention for several reasons. As Eric Foner points out, “only in South Carolina did blacks come to dominate the legislative process.” African American political leaders “throughout Reconstruction … comprised a majority of the House of Representatives, controlled its key committees, and, beginning in 1872, elected black speakers…. [In 1874] blacks gained a majority in the state senate as well.” 1 In addition to famous African American national political figures like congressmen Joseph H. Rainey and Robert Smalls, Reconstruction South Carolina secured public service from two lieutenant governors, a state treasurer, and two secretaries of state, among others—all of whom were African Americans.
The backlash against African American political control was widespread across the South but particularly extensive in regions of South Carolina. In 1870–71, South Carolina witnessed determined Ku Klux Klan activity, particularly in the northwestern counties of the state, which required President Grant to intervene. Ku Klux Klan trials were conducted by federal prosecutors, and the writ of habeas corpus was temporarily suspended in select counties. The Klan’s mixture of political targeting and paramilitary tactics boded ill for the Republican state government and set the stage for the dramatic events of 1876–77.
The nation’s attention again turned to the Palmetto State in 1876 with regard to both the gubernatorial and presidential elections. Governor Daniel Chamberlain tried in vain to keep the Republican state government in control but could not overcome the personal popularity and threatening tactics of Wade Hampton and the Democratic Party. Many historians view this election as a watershed moment for South Carolina. The 1876 election portended the resumption of “home rule” by the state’s whites and the dem
