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2011
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215
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English
Ebooks
2011
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Publié par
Date de parution
15 juin 2011
Nombre de lectures
0
EAN13
9780801461774
Langue
English
No subject looms larger over the historical landscape of medieval Spain than that of the reconquista, the rapid expansion of the power of the Christian kingdoms into the Muslim-populated lands of southern Iberia, which created a broad frontier zone that for two centuries remained a region of warfare and peril. Drawing on a large fund of unpublished material in royal, ecclesiastical, and municipal archives as well as rabbinic literature, Jonathan Ray reveals a fluid, often volatile society that transcended religious boundaries and attracted Jewish colonists from throughout the peninsula and beyond.The result was a wave of Jewish settlements marked by a high degree of openness, mobility, and interaction with both Christians and Muslims. Ray's view challenges the traditional historiography, which holds that Sephardic communities, already fully developed, were simply reestablished on the frontier. In the early years of settlement, Iberia's crusader kings actively supported Jewish economic and political activity, and Jewish interaction with their Christian neighbors was extensive.Only as the frontier was firmly incorporated into the political life of the peninsular states did these frontier Sephardic populations begin to forge the communal structures that resembled the older Jewish communities of the North and the interior. By the end of the thirteenth century, royal intervention had begun to restrict the amount of contact between Jewish and Christian communities, signaling the end of the open society that had marked the frontier for most of the century.
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Publié par
Date de parution
15 juin 2011
Nombre de lectures
0
EAN13
9780801461774
Langue
English
T h e Se p h a r d i c F r o n t i e r
a volume in the series Conjunctions of Religion and Power in the Medieval Past Edited by Barbara H. Rosenwein
A list of all the books in the series may be found on the last page of the book.
the Sephardic Frontier thereconquista and the jewish c o m m u n i t y i n medieval iberia
jonathan ray
Cornell University Press Ithaca and London
This book is published with the aid of a grant from the Program for Cultural Cooperation between Spain’s Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports and United States Universities.
Copyright © 2006 by Cornell University
All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850.
First published 2006 by Cornell University Press
Printed in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Ray, Jonathan ( Jonathan Stewart) The Sephardic frontier : the reconquista and the Jewish community in medieval Iberia / Jonathan Ray. p. cm.— (Conjunctions of religion and power in the medieval past) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8014-4401-2 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8014-4401-2 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Jews—Spain—History—To 1500. 2. Jews—Portugal—History—To 1500. 3. Spain—Ethnic relations—History. 4. Portugal—Ethnic relations —History. 5. Spain—History—711-1516. 6. Portugal—History—To 1385. I. Title. II. Series: Conjunctions of religion & power in the medieval past. DS135.S7R38 2006 946'.0004924—dc22
2005025040
Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally responsible suppliers and mate-rials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials include vegetable-based, low-VOC inks and acid-free papers that are recycled, totally chlorine-free, or partly composed of nonwood fibers. For further information, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu.
Cloth printing
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments List of Abbreviations
Introduction
Part I. The Jewish Settler and the Frontier
1.
2.
3.
The Migration of Jewish Settlers to the Frontier
Jewish Landownership
Moneylending and Beyond: The Jews in the Economic Life of the Frontier
Part II. The Jewish Community and the Frontier
4.
5.
6.
7.
Royal Author ity and the Legal Status of Iber ian Jewr y
Jewish Communal Organization and Author ity
Communal Tensions and the Question of Jewish Autonomy
Maintenance of Social Boundar ies on the Iber ian Frontier
Conclusion Glossar y Bibliography Index
[ v ]
vii ix
1
11
15
36
55
73
75
98
131
145
176 181 185 195
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The completion of this book could not have been achieved without the generous assistance and support of a number of people. It was inspired by my studies at the Graduate School of the Jewish Theological Seminary and Columbia University, and bears the intellectual imprint of my teachers and colleagues. A principal goal of this book, to locate the development of Sephardic history within the broader narrative of medieval Iberia, is a direct result of the disparate yet often complementary approaches of the history departments of these two institutions. My initial research was made possible by a fellowship program sponsored by the Charles H. Revson Foundation, as well as a grant from the Memorial Foundation for Jewish Culture, both of which supported my collection of archival data. Among the archives I visited, I owe special recognition to Spain’s Bibilioteca Nacional and the Archivo Histórico Nacional, Portugal’s Arquivo Nacional/Instituto Torre do Tumbo, the Archivo de la Catedral de Sevilla, and the Archivo de la Corona de Aragón/Arxiu de la Corona d’Aragó in Barcelona. The necessary research for this study would not have been possible without the patience, attentiveness, and consideration of their respective staffs. In particular, I thank the ACA’s Jaume Riera, archivist and scholar, for sharing his intellectual energy and vast knowledge of both the archive and medieval Catalan Jewry. Throughout the research and writing of this book, I have also relied on the unflagging help and support of the li-brary staffs at the Jewish Theological Seminary, Butler Library of Columbia University and Sterling Memorial Library of Yale University. I owe a debt of gratitude to David Wachtel of the Rare Book and Manu-script Collection at JTS and my friend and colleague Maud Kozodoy for
[ vii ]
[ viii ]
help in guiding my reading of the Hebrew sources. I also thank Adam Kosto, Seth Schwartz, and Raymond Scheindlin for their willingness to read early drafts of the manuscript and for their insightful and cogent comments. Most important, I owe thanks to my teacher and friend, Benjamin Gampel, who continued to provide invaluable advice and support throughout the process of composition and revision. A generous grant awarded to me by the Jacob and Hilda Blaustein post-doctoral fellowship, under the auspice of the Program in Judaic Studies at Yale University, enabled me to complete this book. The arguments set forth here were also greatly shaped by the intellectual climate at Yale, in particu-lar, the many provocative conversations I enjoyed with Ivan Marcus, Paul Freedman, Rebecca Kobrin, and Paula Hyman. I am also deeply indebted to Barbara Rosenwein and John Ackerman at Cornell University Press for their detailed and helpful editorial advice and guidance. Finally, I thank my friends and family for their seemingly boundless energy, support, and good-will. Thank you to all those who have helped along the way; I remain for-ever grateful.
A c k n o w l e d g m e n t s
J. R.
ACA ACC ACJ ACS ACM AMC AME AMM AHN AHPC ANTT ARM AUC BCC BN CML Adret
ABBREVIATIONS
Archivo de la Corona de Aragon
Archivo de la Catedral de Córdoba
Archivo de la Catedral de Jaén
Archivo de la Catedral de Sevilla
Archivo de la Catedral de Murcia
Archivo Municipal de Sevilla
Archivo Municipal de Elche
Archivo Municipal de Murcia
Archivo Histórico Nacional, Madrid
Archivo Histórico de la Provincia de Córdoba
Arquivo Nacional/Instituto Torre del Tombo
Archivo del Reino de Mallorca
Archivo de la Universidade de Coimbra
Biblioteca de la Catedral de Córdoba
Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid
Camara Municipal de Lisboa
Solomon ben Abraham ibn Adret.Sheelot u-Teshuvot, (Re-sponsa).Vol. 1 (Bologna, 1539); vols. 2 & 3 (Leghorn, 1657, 1778); vol. 4 (Vilna, 1881); vol. 5 (Leghorn, 1825); vols. 6 &
[ ix ]
