Power to Divide , livre ebook

307

pages

English

Ebooks

2021

Écrit par
W. Crawford Timothy

Publié par
Cornell University Press

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307

pages

English

Ebook

2021

Lire un extrait

Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne En savoir plus

Publié par

Cornell University Press

Date de parution

15 mai 2021

Nombre de lectures

EAN13

9781501754739

Langue

English

Poids de l'ouvrage

5 Mo

Timothy W. Crawford's The Power to Divide examines the use of wedge strategies, a form of divisive statecraft designed to isolate adversaries from allies and potential supporters to gain key advantages. With a multidimensional argument about the power of accommodation in competition, and a survey of alliance diplomacy around both World Wars, The Power to Divide artfully analyzes the past and future performance of wedge strategy in great power politics. Crawford argues that nations attempting to use wedge strategy do best when they credibly accommodate likely or established allies of their enemies. He also argues that a divider's own alliances can pose obstacles to success and explains the conditions that help dividers overcome them. He advances these claims in eight focused studies of alliance diplomacy surrounding the World Wars, derived from published official documents and secondary histories. Through those narratives, Crawford adeptly assesses the record of countries that tried an accommodative wedge strategy, and why ultimately, they succeeded or failed. These calculated actions often became turning points, desired or not, in a nation's established power. For policymakers today facing threats to power from great power competitors, Crawford argues that a deeper historical and theoretical grasp of the role of these wedge strategies in alliance politics and grand strategy is necessary. Crawford drives home the contemporary relevance of the analysis with a survey of China's potential to use such strategies to divide India from the US, and the United States' potential to use them to forestall a China-Russia alliance, and closes with a review of key theoretical insights for policy.

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Publié par

Cornell University Press

Date de parution

15 mai 2021

Nombre de lectures

EAN13

9781501754739

Langue

English

Poids de l'ouvrage

5 Mo

The Power to Divide

a volum e in th e series

Cornell Studies in Security Affairs

Edited by Robert J. Art, Robert Jervis, and Stephen M. Walt

A list of titles in this series is available at cornellpress.cornell.edu.

The Powerto Divide

Wedge Strategies in GreatPower Competition

Ti m o t h y W. C r aw f o r d

Cornell University Press Ithaca and London

Cornell University Press gratefully acknowledges receipt of a grant

from Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, which

aided in the publication of this book.

All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. Visit our website at cornellpress.cornell.edu.

First published 2021 by Cornell University Press

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Crawford, Timothy W., author. Title: The power to divide : wedge strategies in great power competition / Timothy W. Crawford. Description: Ithaca [New York] : Cornell University Press, 2021. | Series: Cornell studies in security affairs | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identiﬁers: LCCN 2020031366 (print) | LCCN 2020031367 (ebook) | ISBN 9781501754715 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781501754739 (pdf) | ISBN 9781501754722 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Alliances—History—20th century. | World politics— 1900–1945. | International relations—History—20th century. Classiﬁcation: LCC JZ1314 .C73 2021 (print) | LCC JZ1314 (ebook) | DDC 327.1/16—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020031366 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020031367

For Orly, Tamara, and Abraham

Contents

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.10.

11.

Acknowledgments

Introduction:The Power to Divide in Alliance PoliticsThe Theory of Selective Accommodation Germany Fails to Detach Japan, 1915–16 Germany Keeps the United States Neutral, 1914–16 The Entente Fails to Keep Turkey Neutral, 1914

The Entente Realigns Italy, 1915

Britain and France Fail to Neutralize Italy, 1936–40

Germany Divides the USSR from Britain and France, 1939

Britain and the United States Neutralize Spain, 1940–41

Germany Fails to Realign Turkey, 1941

When Does Selective Accommodation Work? Claims and Case Comparisons

Selective Accommodation in Great Power Competition and U.S. Grand Strategy

vii

1 9 26 38 57 72 86 111 133 157

176

182

Contents

Appendix Notes References Index

viii

211 213 251 285

Acknowledgments

This book was “in the works” for about ﬁfteen years. That adds up to a lot of debts to family, friends, colleagues, and institutions—including some that I have no doubt forgotten. As the project evolved, many friends and colleagues commented on parts of it or otherwise shared ideas that pushed me along. Yasuhiro Izumikawa’s scholarship on wedge strategies, and his perceptive commentary on mine, have helped me considerably. Even after enduring more hours of my talk-ing about this project than almost anyone, Mark Sheetz agreed to review the longest version of the manuscript and provided extensive remarks. Two anonymous reviewers of the manuscript, a series editor, and a half-dozen other anonymous reviewers of precursor pieces supplied much—indeed, very much—constructive criticism. While I doubt that the ﬁnished product has remedied all of their concerns, I am certain that their critiques helped to make it better. Many other colleagues provided substantial feedback and suggestions. Steven Lobell, Norrin Ripsman, and Jeffrey Taliaferro each did so individu-ally and as a team. Stacie Goddard, Ron Krebs, Dan Nexon, and Evan Res-nick all weighed in at points along the way. So too did Jason Davidson, Charles Glaser, Mark Haas, Michael Glosny, Eugene Gholz, Lewis Grifﬁth, Robert Jervis, Alexander Lanoszka, Keir Lieber, Sean Lynn-Jones, T. V. Paul, Barry Posen, Jeremy Pressman, George Quester, Joshua Rovner, Robert Ross, Joshua Shifrinson, Jon Schuessler, Jack Snyder, Mark Stoller, Caitlin Talmadge, Keren Yarhi-Milo, and Christopher Williams. I also beneﬁted much from the comments of participants at research sem-inars hosted by the International Security Program at the Belfer Center for

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