Making the Unipolar Moment , livre ebook

481

pages

English

Ebooks

2016

Écrit par
Hal Brands

Publié par
Cornell University Press

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481

pages

English

Ebooks

2016

Lire un extrait

Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne En savoir plus

Publié par

Cornell University Press

Date de parution

12 mai 2016

EAN13

9781501703430

Langue

English

Poids de l'ouvrage

1 Mo

In the late 1970s, the United States often seemed to be a superpower in decline. Battered by crises and setbacks around the globe, its post-World War II international leadership appeared to be draining steadily away. Yet just over a decade later, by the early 1990s, America's global primacy had been reasserted in dramatic fashion. The Cold War had ended with Washington and its allies triumphant; democracy and free markets were spreading like never before. The United States was now enjoying its "unipolar moment"-an era in which Washington faced no near-term rivals for global power and influence, and one in which the defining feature of international politics was American dominance. How did this remarkable turnaround occur, and what role did U.S. foreign policy play in causing it? In this important book, Hal Brands uses recently declassified archival materials to tell the story of American resurgence. Brands weaves together the key threads of global change and U.S. policy from the late 1970s through the early 1990s, examining the Cold War struggle with Moscow, the rise of a more integrated and globalized world economy, the rapid advance of human rights and democracy, and the emergence of new global challenges like Islamic extremism and international terrorism. Brands reveals how deep structural changes in the international system interacted with strategies pursued by Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and George H. W. Bush to usher in an era of reinvigorated and in many ways unprecedented American primacy. Making the Unipolar Moment provides an indispensable account of how the post-Cold War order that we still inhabit came to be.

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Publié par

Cornell University Press

Date de parution

12 mai 2016

EAN13

9781501703430

Langue

English

Poids de l'ouvrage

1 Mo

MAKINGTHEUNIPOLARMOMENT

MAKINGTHEUNIPOLAR MOMENT

U. S. F ORE I GN POL I CY AND T HE RI SE OF T HE POST –COL D WAR ORDE R

H a l B r a n d s

CORNELLUNIVERSITYPRESSIthacaandLondon

Cover design: Scott Levine.

Allrightsreserved.Exceptforbriefquotationsinareview,this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850.

Firstpublished2016byCornellUniversityPress

PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Brands, Hal, 1983– author. Title: Making the unipolar moment : U.S. foreign policy and the rise of the post-Cold War order / Hal Brands. Description: Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 2016. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2015048539 ISBN 9781501702723 (cloth : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: United States—Foreign relations— 1977–1981. | United States—Foreign relations— 1981–1989. | United States—Foreign relations—1989–1993. Classification: LCC E872 .B73 2016 | DDC 327.73009/04—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015048539

CornellUniversityPressstrivestouseenvironmentallyresponsible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials include vegetable-based, low-VOC inks and acid-free papers that are recycled, totally chlorine-free, or partly composed of nonwood fibers. For further information, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu.

Clothprinting

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Contents

Acknowledgmentsix

Introduction:Structure,Strategy,and American Resurgence

1. Roots of ResurgenceThe1970sandtheCrisisof American Power 17 The Paradoxical Cold War 29 HumanRightsandtheDemocratic Revolution 39 GlobalizationandEconomic Renewal 53 Conclusion 67

2. The Reagan Offensive and the Transformation of the Cold WarReagan, American Prospects, and the Cold War 70 TakingtheOffensive 74 Success, Failure, and Adaptation 88 ReaganandGorbachev 97 Blowback 113 Conclusion 117 3. American Statecraft and the Democratic RevolutionReagan’sDemocraticEvolution 121 AnticommunismandDemocracyin Central America 130

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119

viCONTENTS

AHistoricOpeninginLatin America 142 FromAuthoritariantoDemocraticStability in East Asia 150 ConstructiveEngagementandSouth Africa 160 Conclusion 168

4. Toward the Neoliberal OrderReaganomics at Home and Abroad 174 Trade, Finance, and Policy Coordination in the Western World 182 Debt, Leverage, and Neoliberal Ascendancy in the Third World 198 TheMarketandtheMiddleKingdom 216 Conclusion 221

5. Structure versus Strategy in the Greater Middle EastThe Iranian Revolution and the Three Challenges 225 PersianGulfSecurityandthe Iran-Iraq War 234 TheTravailsofCounterterrorism 242 Radical Islam and the Afghan Jihad 255 Iran-ContraandAfter 260 Conclusion 272

6. The Dawn of the Unipolar MomentTheBushAdministrationontheEve of Unipolarity 276 GermanReunificationandthe Shaping of Post–Cold War Europe 279 The Persian Gulf War and the Unveiling of Unipolarity 298

172

224

274

PrimacyandPost–ColdWar Strategy 317 Conclusion 334

CONTENTS vii

Conclusion: Understanding the Arc of American Power

KeyThemesandConclusions 338 AmericanPowerandPolicyinthePost–Cold War Era 347

Notes363 Index459

336

Acknowledgments

Abook’sacknowledgmentsarerarelysufficientto convey the extent of an author’s debts. I have become ever more conscious of that fact in writing this book. This book draws on research done as far back as 2004–2005, and on ideas that I have been mulling over for several years. It follows that I have racked up a daunting list of intellectual, profes-sional, and personal debts along the way. Ihavebenefitedfromtheassistanceandguidanceofarchivistsfartoomany to mention, and from the support and wonderful intellectual climate provided by my home institution, the Duke Sanford School of Public Policy. I have equally benefitted from my interaction with individuals who helped me formulate, reconsider, and refine some of the key ideas in this book. An undoubtedly incomplete list includes Colin Dueck, Charles Edel, Eric Edelman, Jeffrey Engel, John Gaddis, Peter Feaver, Bruce Jentleson, Judith Kelley, Bruce Kuniholm, Melvyn Leffler, Peter Mansoor, John Maurer, Wil-liamson Murray, Joshua Rovner, Daniel Sargent, Josh Shifrinson, and James Wilson. I am particularly grateful to Frank Gavin, James Goldgeier, Robert McMahon, and Jeremi Suri, all of whom read the complete manuscript and offered invaluable comments. At Cornell University Press, Michael McGandy offered support along with insightful advice and was, as always, a pleasure to work with. Mygreatestdebtsbyfar,ofcourse,areowedtomyfamily.Emily,Henry,Annabelle, and Dolly put up with a lot of long hours and authorial absent-mindedness as I was researching and composing the book. But they were always unfailingly loving and supportive, and having them in my life has been the greatest inspiration I can imagine. They did more than anyone else to make this book possible. And so it is dedicated, with great love, to them.

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