Unsung Heroes: Pioneers in Science , livre ebook

Elise W allac e
 

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Library of C ongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Wallace, Elise, author.
Ti tle: Unsu ng he roe s : pion ee rs in s cien ce / Elise Wa llace.
Other titles: Pioneers in science
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T able of C ont ents
Celebrating “New” Heroes ........................................... 4
Beyond the Stars ............................................................ 6
Chemistry Champs ...................................................... 16
Applied Science Stars .................................................. 26
Front and Center ......................................................... 40
Glossary ........................................................................ 42
Index ............................................................................. 44
Check It Out! ............................................................. 46
T ry It! ........................................................................... 47
About the Author ......................................................... 48
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C elebr ating
“New ” Her oes
Some scientists are recognized by everyone. W e
have heard their names again and again. W e know
Isaac Newton and his three laws of motion. W e have
heard about Albert Einstein and his famous equation,
E=mc
2
. But what about Rosalind Franklin or Fazlur
Khan (F AHZ‑luhr KAHN)? Franklin was essential to
the discovery of the structure of DNA, and Khan was a
revolutionary engineer of skyscrapers. Y et their names
are hardly known and rarely covered in history books.
For the scientists featured in this book, recognition
was difficult to obtain. Even attempting careers in their
chosen fields, whether astronomy or engineering, was
an uphill battle. But these unsung heroes kept fighting.
They refused to be held back by the prejudice of others.
Each inventor in this book made great contributions
to his or her field. Though they made their discoveries
decades ago, many will likely be new to you. So, let’ s
celebrate these “new” heroes of science!
Br illiant B ot anis t
Ynes Mexia was a Mexican American
botanist. Born in 1870, she was an
avid explorer . She traveled the world,
studying and collecting plants. During
her life, she discovered over

500 plant species!
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❯ C an you think of people from histor y who have not
received the recognition they deserve?
❯ W hy are the accomplishments of some of these
people overlooked?
❯ H ow can we highlight unsung heroes in the future?
5
 

Bey ond the St ars
In the 1950s and ’60s, women supported NASA
as mathematicians. They were not treated with
respect. These women, called computers , were
tasked with checking calculations. No matter their
accomplishments, there was little chance of promotion,
simply because of their gender . But they did not give
up. These women made huge impacts in the field of
astronomy , whether others liked it or not!
Katherine Johnson
Thanks to the success of the film Hidden Figures ,
Katherine Johnson’ s name has gained recognition. She
was one of the computers who worked at NASA during
its early years. But Johnson was so much more than
that. She was responsible for calculating the flight
paths of some of the most historic NASA missions.
Sp a ce R a ce
NASA
stands for “National
Aeronautics and Space
Administration.” It was established in
the late 1950s, when the United States
was competing with Russia. Each
countr y was eager to be the first to put a
man on the moon. Johnson was work ing
at NASA during this ex citing era.
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