IT Interview Guide for Freshers , livre ebook

IT Interview Guide for Freshers
by
Sameer S. Paradkar
FIRST EDITION 2019
Copyright © BPB Publications, India
ISBN: 978-93-88511-599
All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher with the exception to the program listings which may be entered, stored and executed in a computer system, but they can not be reproduced by the means of publication.
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The information contained in this book is true to correct and the best of author’s & publisher’s knowledge. The author has made every effort to ensure the accuracy of these publications, but cannot be held responsible for any loss or damage arising from any information in this book.
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Dedicated to
My parents, wife, kids and all my family members and friends for their encouragement, support and love.
About the Author
Sameer S. Paradkar is an enterprise architect with 15+ years of solid experience in the ICT industry, which spans across consulting, product development and systems integration. He is an Open Group TOGAF, Oracle Master Java EA, TMForum NGOSS, IBM SOA Solutions, IBM Cloud Solutions, IBM Mobile First, ITIL Foundation V3, COBIT 5 and AWS Solution Architect – Associate certified enterprise architect. He serves as an advisory architect on enterprise architecture programs and continues to work as a subject matter expert. He has worked on multiple architecture transformations and modernization engagements in the USA, UK, Europe, Asia Pacific and the Middle East Regions that presented a phased roadmap to the transformation that maximized the business value while minimizing costs and risks.
Sameer is part of the Architecture Group in AtoS. Prior to AtoS, he has worked in organizations such asEY - IT Advisory, IBM GBS, Wipro Consulting Services, TechMahindra and Infosys Technologies and specializes in IT Strategies and enterprise transformation engagements.
Acknowledgement
Throughout my career, many people have directly and indirectly contributed to this book. I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge their contribution, influence, and inspiration. I consider myself lucky to have had the opportunity to work with extremely talented and exceptional individuals who extended their whole-hearted support for my work andinitiatives. My eternal thanks to them for believing in me and providing exciting opportunities. I would like to thank my discussion partners, reviewers and supporters, whose valuable comments and feedback have greatly contributed to this book. I look forward to your feedback and valuable inputs on an on-going basis. I would like to thank my current and former colleagues who made my corporate journey exciting, enriching and fulfilling.
– Sameer S Paradkar
Preface
This book is divided into numerous chapters, including the topics that deal with various aspects and stages of the entire interview process. It presents an exhaustive question bank with special emphasis on practical scenarios and business cases. The title describes the qualities that an employer looks for in a potential employee and helps improve the aspirant’s understanding of the interview process. The book begins with providing you top Data Structures and OS sample interview questions, which are asked by the top IT companies while hiring. We will later dive into the concepts and principles of Object-oriented programming. We’ll later cover C/C++/Java/ Programming Interview Questions along with Database Management Systems. Later, you will be taken through the methodologies andprocesses of validations and testing along with CMMI, DevOps, Agile, Scrum, APIs, Micro-services and SOA technologies. Summing it up, towards the end, we will have a set of HR process interview questions, which will cover the best practices to answer interview questions. To summarize, the key differentiators for the book are: This book is a double-edged sword: It is a reference guide for freshers/debutants to guide them for their interview discussions. It is a reference guide for interview panels for selecting candidates for their practice/units while bringing in standardization in the selection process. It has more than 600+questions in all the key domains, including a chapter on trending programming languages (Python, R, Ruby and Perl). It presents an exhaustive question bank with special emphasis on practical scenarios and business cases This comprehensive title on IT interviews is for aspirants with varying profiles from fresher’s to experienced (up to 4 years’ of experience) ranging from Engineers, BCA, BSc, B Com and MCA. It covers all key domains, including Data Structures, OOPs, DBMS, OS, and Methodologies and Processes, Programming Languages and Digital Technologies. The book covers a section on frameworks and methodology and methodologies, including validations and testing, CMMI, DevOps, Agile, Scrum, APIs, Micro-services and SOA. Based on our experience, the assurance is that at least 80% of content will be discussed during a typical interview. There is a section on pre and post interview preparations. The book can be selectively read based on the relevant domains. The coverage is extensive in terms of depth and breadth of a domains addressed in the title. The title has around 100 diagrams depicting various scenarios, models and methodologies.
Breakup of Q &A’s in the book
Chapter 1
Chapter 1 , deals with various aspects and stages of the entire freshers’ interview process. It is divided into numerous sections, including strategies and tips for the interviews, freshers’ growth path and freshers IT interview process. It describes the qualities that an employer looks for in a potential employee and also helps improve the aspirant’s understanding of the interview process. It helps aspirants prepare for the IT interview process and emphasizes on the importance of sufficient preparation.
Chapter 2
Chapter 2 , presents the overview of the written test and the group discussion rounds. It covers the first round, which is the written test and the second round, which is the group discussions stage (or case study or Just a Minute (JAM) round) for the freshers interview process. Apart from explaining the format, it also shares tips and examples for you to practice as preparation for this round. It also covers the objective and goals for the written test and group discussion stages and provides guidelines for adopting best practices and standards.
Chapter 3
Chapter 3 , describes the qualities that an employer looks for in a potential employee and also helps improve the aspirant’s understanding of the interview process. It is divided into numerous sections, which include the guidelines to follow before an interview, during the interview and after the interview process. It also has a section on common mistakes done by applicants and the ways to avoid them. It provides strategies and tips for the aspirants for successful interviews. It helps aspirants prepare for the IT interview process and emphasis on the importance of sufficient preparation. It also helps understand the cause of fear and ways to overcome it before the interview.
Chapter 4
Chapter 4 , covers the topic of Data structures in the programming languages, which essentially provides a number of data types and methods that can be performed on these data types. It covers the core concepts, principles, collections, algorithms, programming standards and other key topics. A data structure is a concrete implementation of the common data types, that is, linked list, stack, queues, maps, and many more, which are covered in this chapter. Different data structures are suited for different application requirements, and a select few are specialized for specific tasks. For example, compilers leverage hash tables to research identifiers where-as RDBMS typically leverage B-tree indexes for data retrieval.
Chapter 5
Chapter 5 , covers the question bank for the operating system domain. It includes core concepts, process management, memory and file management, multi-threading and synchronization.
Chapter 6
Chapter 6 , covers the OOPs aspects and provides the question bank, which includes topics for core concepts, encapsulation, composition and inheritance, and polymorphism.
Chapter 7
Chapter 7 , covers the C and C++ programming languages in detail. The section on C includes a question bank for aspects pertaining to preprocessing, functions, structures, pointer and memory management. The section on C++ includes a question bank for aspects pertaining to core concepts, keywords and operators, constructors and destructors, inheritance and polymorphism.
Chapter 8
Chapter 8 , presents an exhaustive question bank on the Java programming language with special emphasis on practical scenarios and business cases. It covers aspect pertaining to core concepts, keywords and operators, classes, interfaces, construction, destructors, inheritance and polymorphism. It also covers miscellaneous key aspects, including Java iterator, classes, exceptions, JVM, IO, collections and serialization.
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 , covers the DBMS domain. It includes a question bank for various aspects of DBMS. It consists of