Common Statistical Methods for Clinical Research with SAS Examples, Third Edition , livre ebook

The correct bibliographic citation for this manual is as follows: Walker, Glenn A., and Jack Shostak. 2010.
®Common Statistical Methods for Clinical Research with SAS Examples, Third Edition. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
®
Common Statistical Methods for Clinical Research with SAS Examples, Third Edition
Copyright © 2010, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA
ISBN 978-1-60764-228-2
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CONTENTS



Preface to the Third Edition .............................................................................. ix
Preface to the Second Edition ............................................................................................. xi
Preface to the First Edition .................................................................................................xiii

Chapter 1 – Introduction & Basics
1.1 Statistics—the Field .................................................................................. 1
1.2 Probability Distributions .......................................................................... 4
1.3 Study Design Features 9
1.4 Descriptive Statistics .............................................................................. 13
1.5 Inferential Statistics ................................................................................ 16
1.6 Summary .................................................................................................. 21

Chapter 2 – Topics in Hypothesis Testing
2.1 Significance Levels 23
2.2 Power ....................................................................................................... 25
2.3 One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Tests ........................................................... 26
2.4 p-Values .................................................................................................... 27
2.5 Sample Size Determination ................................................................... 27
2.6 Multiple Testing....................................................................................... 30
2.7 Summary 40

Chapter 3 – The Data Set TRIAL
3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 41
3.2 Data Collection 41
3.3 Creating the Data Set TRIAL ................................................................ 44
3.4 Statistical Summarization ...................................................................... 47
3.5 Summary .................................................................................................. 54

Chapter 4 – The One-Sample t-Test
4.1 Introduction 55
4.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................... 55
4.3 Examples 56
4.4 Details & Notes ....................................................................................... 63

Chapter 5 – The Two-Sample t-Test
5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 67
5.2 Synopsis 67
5.3 Examples .................................................................................................. 68
5.4 Details & Notes 73



iv Contents



Chapter 6 – One-Way ANOVA
6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 79
6.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................... 79
6.3 Examples .................................................................................................. 82
6.4 Details & Notes ....................................................................................... 88

Chapter 7 – Two-Way ANOVA
7.1 Introduction 95
7.2 Synopsis 95
7.3 Examples 98
7.4 Details & Notes ..................................................................................... 119

Chapter 8 – Repeated Measures Analysis
8.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 125
8.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................. 125
8.3 Examples ................................................................................................ 129
8.4 Details & Notes 160

Chapter 9 – The Crossover Design
9.1 Introduction 171
9.2 Synopsis 172
9.3 Examples 174
9.4 Details & Notes ..................................................................................... 185

Chapter 10 – Linear Regression
10.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 191
10.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................. 191
10.3 Examples ................................................................................................ 194
10.4 Details & Notes 209

Chapter 11 – Analysis of Covariance
11.1 Introduction 221
11.2 Synopsis 222
11.3 Examples 225
11.4 Details & Notes ..................................................................................... 246

Chapter 12 – The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
12.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 253
12.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................. 253
12.3 Examples ................................................................................................ 254
12.4 Details & Notes 260

Chapter 13 – The Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test
13.1 Introduction 263
13.2 Synopsis 263
13.3 Examples 265
13.4 Details & Notes ..................................................................................... 270



Contents v



Chapter 14 – The Kruskal-Wallis Test
14.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 273
14.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................. 273
14.3 Examples ................................................................................................ 275
14.4 Details & Notes ..................................................................................... 279

Chapter 15 – The Binomial Test
15.1 Introduction 283
15.2 Synopsis 283
15.3 Examples 285
15.4 Details & Notes 289

Chapter 16 – The Chi-Square Test
16.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 293
16.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................. 293
16.3 Examples ................................................................................................ 295
16.4 Details & Notes ..................................................................................... 308

Chapter 17 – Fisher’s Exact Test
17.1 Introduction 317
17.2 Synopsis 317
17.3 Examples 318
17.4 Details & Notes 321

Chapter 18 – McNemar’s Test
18.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 325
18.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................. 325
18.3 Examples ................................................................................................ 326
18.4 Details & Notes .............