Winners without Losers , livre ebook
281
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English
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2018
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281
pages
English
Ebooks
2018
Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne En savoir plus
Publié par
Date de parution
18 octobre 2018
EAN13
9781501735967
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
1 Mo
In the two decades since the United States became the world's only superpower, policymakers in Washington have seemingly abandoned many tools of statecraft and instead now rely on U.S. military strength as the key-and sometimes the sole-element of its global strategy. Yet economists see a world in which the salience of military power has been shrinking as greater affluence and deepening interdependence transform the global economy.In Winners without Losers, Edward J. Lincoln, a highly regarded economist, contends that the best chance the United States has of ensuring peace and prosperity-for itself and for the rest of the world-will be found at conference tables rather than on the battlefield. Shining a spotlight on foreign trade policy as an agent for political change, this cogent and well-argued book urges policymakers, the business community, and citizens to find a path to increased stability by forging stronger international economic ties.Interdependence is founded on cooperation with other nations, and in particular on multilateral institutions. Over the past five years, in particular, American policy has moved strongly away from cooperation and, in a single-minded pursuit of the "war against global terror," has largely ignored economic issues. Extending the scope of his previous work, which started with the economic transformations of postwar Japan and more recently considered the evolution of economic linkages and cooperation in East Asia, Lincoln applies regional lessons to the world stage. More than a critique of current policies, Winners without Losers argues for a transformation of American foreign policy that recognizes the new realities of the globalized world-realities that America's leaders ignore at the nation's peril.
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Publié par
Date de parution
18 octobre 2018
EAN13
9781501735967
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
1 Mo
W I N N E R S W I T H O U T L O S E R S
WinnerswithoutLosers Why Americans Should Care More about Global Economic Policy
a c o u n c i l o n f o r e i g n r e l at i o n s b o o k
Edward J. Lincoln
Cornell University Press
Ithaca and London
Founded in 1921, the Council on Foreign Relations is an independent, national membership organization and a nonpartisan center for scholars dedicated to producing and disseminating ideas so that individual and corporate members, as well as policymakers, journalists, students, and interested citizens in the United States and other countries, can better understand the world and the foreign policy choices facing the United States and other governments. The Council does this by convening meetings; conducting a wideranging Studies Program; publishingForeign Affairs, the preeminent journal covering international affairs and U.S. foreign policy; maintaining a diverse membership; sponsoring Independent Task Forces; and providing uptodate information about the world and U.S. foreign policy on the Council’s website, CFR.org.
the council takes no institutional position on policy issues and has no affiliation with the u.s. government. all statements of fact and expressions of opinion contained in all its publications are the sole responsibility of the author or authors.
Copyright © 2007 by Cornell University
All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850.
First published 2007 by Cornell University Press
Printed in the United States of America
Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data
Lincoln, Edward J. Winners without losers : why Americans should care more about global economic policy / Edward J. Lincoln. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 9780801446221 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. International relations—Economic aspects. 2. International economic relations. 3. Economic history—1945– 4. Economic policy. 5. Globalization—Economic aspects. 6. United States—Foreign relations—1945–1989. 7. United States—Foreign relations— 1989– I. Title. JZ1252.L56 2007 337—dc22 2007021944
Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials include vegetablebased, lowVOC inks and acidfree papers that are recycled, totally chlorinefree, or partly composed of nonwood fibers. For further information, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu.
Cloth printing
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C O N T E N T S
Preface vii
Introduction1 1The World Transformed21 2Economic Change and International Relations52 3The United States85 4The European Union114 5East Asia138 6Areas of Poverty172 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations211
Notes Index
245 259
P R E FAC E
This book was inspired by my experience, over the past quarter century, of being a lonely economist surrounded by political scientists and Washington policy makers. In my own field, Japan and East Asia, I was often the token economist at meetings to discuss U.S.Japanese or U.S.Asian relations. I would present comments on how economic issues fit into the particular topic. Everyone would politely thank me and then suggest that we turn to “broader issues.” By this, they usually meant secu rity issues. I found this puzzling because I feel that economic issues are important and that they have a significant bearing on other diplomatic and security issues. Meanwhile, I was watching the Japanese economy and, to a lesser extent, the rest of East Asia. The more I saw, the more amazing the story became. Arriving in Japan for the first time in 1971, it felt as though I was in a country that was exciting but still considerably behind the United States—much of the housing was poorly constructed, the air was dirty, the trains and subways were unbelievably crowded, and my nose was often assaulted by the odors from nonflush toilets, but Japan was clearly a society rushing forward. Today, visitors to Tokyo often wonder if it is the United States that has slipped behind. The first time I wandered through Southeast Asia, in 1972, I went armed with Joseph Conrad and sought the remnants of the past. South east Asian countries were far behind Japan, and I saw many places of abject poverty. Going back to Singapore in 1990, I had difficulty locat ing the area of the city where I had stayed in a cheap hotel, finally dis covering a familiar, fencedoff block where bulldozers were destroying twostory colonialera buildings, making way for a new batch of gleaming highrise apartments.
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Preface
And when I first went to China, in 1985, our group was driven around in Sovietstyle limousines (the Red Flag car) down streets that during rush hour were seas of pedestrians and bicyclists. Cars were sufficiently infrequent that the driver had to beep the horn constantly to get people to move aside. We proceeded like a ship, parting the waters and having them close in again behind us. Today, Beijing’s streets are choked with cars, buses, and trucks, but the pedestrians and bicyclists are hard to find. The same is true of Shanghai. When I first visited there, in 1987, I walked along the riverside promenade in the Bund, the old center of the city that was dominated by buildings that predated the outbreak of war with Japan in 1937. On the far side of the Huangpu River, there was virtually nothing—just a few rusty warehouses and some farms. Today, that side of the river is Pudong, a city in its own right with several million residents, a futuristic observation tower and many gleaming highrise office buildings and apartments, and spreading suburbs of manufacturing plants heavily populated by foreignowned firms. Surely, I thought, these huge changes in Asia must have a bearing on questions of war and peace. But I did not want to write a book that was only about Asia. I may be a Japan/Asia specialist, but the time had come to write about the overall connection of economics and international rela tions. Doing so provided a wonderful opportunity to explore in greater depth what has happened to other parts of the world. This book focuses on developments since the end of the Second World War. To some readers, this time span may seem long. Indeed, when I recently wrote an oped that mentioned the end of the Cold War, the editor commented that most of her readers would view such a reference as “ancient history.” But the older one gets, the shorter these time spans seem. I was born not many years after the end of the Second World War, and this project has been an opportunity to reflect on the sweeping eco nomic changes that have occurred during my lifetime. The first chapter of this book adopts a metaphor for the place of eco nomics in international relations: a threelegged stool. This image had its origin in U.S.Japanese relations in the mid1990s and was reflected in the speeches of Walter Mondale, the ambassador to Japan (for whom I worked as a special economic adviser in the American Embassy in Tokyo in 1994–1996). Our relationship with Japan was like a stool, the legs being economics, security, and politics. At that time, the security and political legs were sturdy—the bilateral security treaty and the bilateral military relationship were proceeding well, and politically the Japanese and U.S. governments were usually on the same side of global issues. But the eco nomic leg was weak, burdened by the dissatisfaction of U.S. businesses over myriad hindrances to market access. So Ambassador Mondale, and others in the administration, explained that it was important to focus on
Preface
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strengthening the economic leg. I see our current relationship with the world in somewhat the same terms. Indeed, if anything, our military leg has been pumped up while the economic leg has atrophied. My intention is to look at the impact of economic developments on international relations and the implications for U.S. foreign policy. This book does not take up the usual diplomatic and security issues. Indeed, I have specifically avoided providing an overall analysis of international relations. Rather, I focus on the underappreciated and understudied importance of economic development. Readers will see that this book is heavy on statistical detail. It is difficult to grasp what is happening around the world without looking at numbers. Journalists can write colorfully about call centers and other information technology (IT) operations in Bangalore, India, but economists find more value in the numbers. Believing that a picture is worth a thousand words, I have put much of this information in graphs. Readers will not, however, find much obscure economic jargon or theory. My intent has been to avoid the technical approach of economics, other than to point out from time to time that economic research supports certain conclusions. As with all Council on Foreign Relations projects, this book benefited from a series of study group meetings. I presented draft chapters to this group and benefited enormously from the comments of its members. Harry Harding, former dean of the Elliot School of International Affairs at George Washington University, generously agreed to chair the five ses sions of this group in 2005 and 2006. The members who attended one or more of these sessions were Erika BarksRuggles, Steve Clemons, Mac Destler, John Judis, Yoshihiko Kojo, Toshiyuki Kosugi, Michael McDevitt, Thomas McNaugher, Henry Nau, Kevin Nealer, Chris Nelson, Diana H. M. Newton, David Andrew Olson, Nilmini Rubin, Robert Sam uelson, Robert Solomon, Bruce Stokes, Tsuneo Watanabe, Charles Wolf, and Linda Yang. I am also grateful to two anonymous readers who pro vided useful comments. Along the way, my two research assistants at the Council on Foreign Relations contributed greatly—first Angela Stavropo lous and then Ashle Baxter. Additional assistance came from Chad Waryas and Divya Reddy at the Council, and Albert Lee at NYU. I thank Roger Haydon at Cornell University Press for taking on this project and for his helpful suggestions concerning the manuscript, along with the others at the Press who shepherded this project through from rough manuscript to finished book, including Candace Akins, Susan Barnett, Sara Ferguson, and George Whipple. David Prout compiled the index. This project was supported by a generous grant from the Center for Global Partnership.
New York City
Edward J. Lincoln
